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output power, ID code
3) Calibrate 5 Flight inspection
4) Troubleshoot 5 Carrier frequency deviation, depth
of modulation, lack of power,
harmonics ratio
6.3 Ground Based Systems - VDF/DDF/IDF
1. Use of the System 1) Explain the operational use of DF 2 Terminal and approach
procedures, emergency, back-up
2) Describe the user HMI 2 Indication on radar picture, DF
indicator
3) Theorize the principles of DF 5 Bearing, measuring method
(standard, Doppler,
interferometry)
4) Explain the advantages of DF 2 Simplicity, cost
5) Explain the disadvantages of DF 2 Sensitivity to interference
6) Describe the current situation 2 Density and types of DF in use in
your area, effective use of DF
Advance first edition (unedited) version – 30 August 2009
70
Topic Intermediate Objectives
The students should be able to:
Level Content
2. VDF/DDF 1) Draw and explain the block 2 Electronic cabinet, antennas,
Equipment diagram of a VDF/DDF equipment power supply, remote controls
Architecture and monitoring
2) Design a VDF/DDF equipment
according to operational
requirements
4 Coverage, accuracy
3. Receiver Sub
System
1) Design main signal parameters 4 Frequency band (UHF, VHF)
2) Perform typical measurements on 3 Frequency, channel spacing,
the receiver sensitivity, selectivity
4. Antenna Sub 1) Explain and describe antenna 2 Impedance, polar diagram,
System parameters for VDF/DDF polarization, types of antennas
2) Design protection areas 4 Obstacles, Annexes 10 and 14,
manuals
5. Monitoring and 1) Describe and explain which 2 Noise figure, stability of
Control Sub parameters are used for the measurement
System monitoring
2) Check the operational status of 3 BITE, system status e.g.
the monitor system watchdog
3) Troubleshoot wrong bearing
instructions
5 Re-adjust antenna systems
6. Implementation 1) Verify the impact of the
requirements on the choice of the
VDF/DDF location
3 Protection of receivers
2) Check the conformity of the
system to ITU
3 ITU regulation, ICAO Annex 10
3) Check the conformity to national
regulations
3 National regulations
7. Compliance with 1) Define the global performances 2 Accuracy, coverage, Annex 10
Standards recommendations
2) List VHF/UHF receiver procedures 1
3) Calibrate the system 5 Flight inspection
6.4 Ground Based Systems - VOR
1. Use of the System 1) Explain the operational use of 2 En route, terminal area,
VOR procedures
2) Theorize the principles of the 5 Bearing information, phase
CVOR measurements methods
3) Explain the advantages of VOR 2 Type of information (azimuth),
accuracy, integrity, suitable for a
network of fixed routes
4) Explain the disadvantages of VOR 2 Multipath, sensitivity to
interference, limited coverage, not
ideal for free routes, accuracy
depending on distance
5) Justify and theorize the DVOR 4/5 CVOR, DVOR, signal broadcast
versus the CVOR differences, bearing information
Advance first edition (unedited) version – 30 August 2009
71
Topic Intermediate Objectives
The students should be able to:
Level Content
6) Describe the current situation 2 Density of CVOR and DVOR in
use in your area
2. Ground Station 1) Draw and explain the block 2 Electronic cabinet, antenna
Architecture diagram of a CVOR ground system, power supply, remote
station controls and monitoring
2) Design a CVOR station according
to operational requirements
4 Coverage, identification code
3. Transmitter Sub 1) Analyze main signal parameters 4 Carrier frequency stability, output
System for a CVOR power, signals generated
2) Analyze main signal parameters
for a DVOR
4 Output power, signals generated
3) Perform the typical measurements 3 Power measurements, spectrum
on the signals by using standard measurements, modulation
equipment measurements
4. Antenna Sub 1) Explain and describe the generic 2 Patterns antennas, distribution
System radiated signals required for
CVOR
circuits, standard implementations
2) Explain and describe the generic 2 Patterns antennas, distribution
radiated signals required for
DVOR
circuits, standard implementations
3) Analyze the interface between 4 Standing Wave Ratio (SWR),
power stage and the antenna radiated power
4) Analyze the most typical signal
errors due to the antenna
4 Error expression components
5. Monitoring and
Control Sub
System
1) Describe and explain which
parameters are used for the
monitoring
　
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