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Chapter 7
Flight Instruments ...............................................7-1
Introduction ....................................................................7-1
Pitot-Static Flight Instruments .......................................7-1
Impact Pressure Chamber and Lines ..........................7-2
Static Pressure Chamber and Lines ............................7-2
Altimeter .....................................................................7-3
Principle of Operation .............................................7-3
Effect of Nonstandard Pressure and Temperature ..7-4
Setting the Altimeter ...............................................7-5
Altimeter Operation ................................................7-6
Types of Altitude ....................................................7-6
Instrument Check ....................................................7-7
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) ...................................7-7
Principle of Operation .............................................7-7
Instrument Check ....................................................7-8
Airspeed Indicator (ASI) ............................................7-8
Airspeed Indicator Markings ..................................7-9
Other Airspeed Limitations ..................................7-10
Instrument Check ..................................................7-10
Blockage of the Pitot-Static System .........................7-10
Blocked Pitot System ............................................7-10
Blocked Static System ..........................................7-11
Electronic Flight Display (EFD) ..................................7-12
Airspeed Tape ..........................................................7-12
Attitude Indicator .....................................................7-12
Altimeter ...................................................................7-12
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) .................................7-12
Heading Indicator .....................................................7-12
Turn Indicator ...........................................................7-12
Tachometer ...............................................................7-12
Slip/Skid Indicator ....................................................7-13
Turn Rate Indicator ..................................................7-13
Air Data Computer (ADC) .......................................7-14
Trend Vectors ...........................................................7-14
Gyroscopic Flight Instruments .....................................7-15
Gyroscopic Principles ..............................................7-15
Rigidity in Space ...................................................7-15
Precession .............................................................7-15
Sources of Power ......................................................7-16
Turn Indicators .........................................................7-16
Turn-and-Slip Indicator ........................................7-17
Turn Coordinator ..................................................7-17
Inclinometer .............................................................7-18
Yaw String ............................................................7-18
Instrument Check ..................................................7-18
Attitude Indicator .....................................................7-18
Heading Indicator .....................................................7-20
Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) ...7-20
The Flux Gate Compass System ..............................7-20
Remote Indicating Compass .....................................7-21
Instrument Check ..................................................7-22
Compass Systems ........................................................7-22
Magnetic Compass ...................................................7-22
Magnetic Compass Induced Errors .......................7-23
The Vertical Card Magnetic Compass .....................7-26
Lags or Leads ........................................................7-26
Eddy Current Damping .........................................7-26
Outside Air Temperature (OAT) Gauge ......................7-26
Chapter Summary ........................................................7-26
Chapter 8
Flight Manuals and Other Documents ...............8-1
Introduction ....................................................................8-1
Preliminary Pages .......................................................8-2
General (Section 1) .....................................................8-2
Limitations (Section 2) ...............................................8-2
Airspeed ..................................................................8-2
　
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