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must establish two-way radio communications with
the ATC facility providing air traffic services prior
to entering the airspace and thereafter maintain those
communications while in the airspace.
5. Class E. Generally, if the airspace is not Class A, B,
C, or D, and is controlled airspace, then it is Class E
airspace. Class E airspace extends upward from either
the surface or a designated altitude to the overlying
or adjacent controlled airspace. When designated as a
surface area, the airspace will be configured to contain
all instrument procedures. Also in this class are federal
airways, airspace beginning at either 700 or 1,200 feet
above ground level (AGL) used to transition to and
from the terminal or en route environment, and en
route domestic and offshore airspace areas designated
below 18,000 feet MSL. Unless designated at a lower
altitude, Class E airspace begins at 14,500 MSL over
the United States, including that airspace overlying the
waters within 12 NM of the coast of the 48 contiguous
states and Alaska, up to but not including 18,000 feet
MSL, and the airspace above FL 600.
6. Class G. Airspace not designated as Class A, B, C, D,
or E. Class G airspace is essentially uncontrolled by
ATC except when associated with a temporary control
tower.
Special Use Airspace
Special use airspace is the designation for airspace in which
certain activities must be confined, or where limitations
may be imposed on aircraft operations that are not part
of those activities. Certain special use airspace areas can
create limitations on the mixed use of airspace. The special
use airspace depicted on instrument charts includes the
area name or number, effective altitude, time and weather
conditions of operation, the controlling agency, and the chart
panel location. On National Aeronautical Charting Group
(NACG) en route charts, this information is available on one
of the end panels.
Prohibited areas contain airspace of defined dimensions
within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. Such areas
are established for security or other reasons associated with
the national welfare. These areas are published in the Federal
Register and are depicted on aeronautical charts. The area is
charted as a “P” followed by a number (e.g., “P-123”).
Restricted areas are areas where operations are hazardous to
nonparticipating aircraft and contain airspace within which
the flight of aircraft, while not wholly prohibited, is subject
to restrictions. Activities within these areas must be confined
because of their nature, or limitations may be imposed upon
aircraft operations that are not a part of those activities, or
both. Restricted areas denote the existence of unusual, often
invisible, hazards to aircraft (e.g., artillery firing, aerial
8-3
14,500' MSL
Nontowered
airport with
instrument
approach
Nontowered
airport with
no instrument
approach
700'
700' AGL
AGL
18,000' MSL
FL 600
1,200'
AGL
700'
AGL
1,200'
AGL
1,200'
AGL
(Not To Scale)
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
Class G
Class G Class G Class G
*Exception: temporary tower or control tower present
**True only below 10,000 feet
True only during day at or below 1,200 feet AGL (see 14 CFR part 91)
Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class G
ATC clearance
Instrument
Rating
Yes
No
N/A
N/A
N/A
Yes
N/A
ATC clearance
Private or Student
certification—
local restrictions
apply.
Yes
Yes
3 statute miles
Clear of clouds
All
Yes
Radar
Instrument
approaches
Weather
Control tower
High density
Prior two-way
communications
Student
certificate
Yes
Yes
3 statute miles
500' below,
1,000' above,
2,000' horizontal
IFR aircraft
Yes
Radar
Instrument
approaches
Weather
Control tower
Prior two-way
communications
Student
certificate
Yes
Yes
3 statute miles
500' below,
1,000' above,
2,000' horizontal
Runway
operations
Workload
permitting
Instrument
approaches
Weather
Control tower
Prior two-way
communications*
Student
certificate
Yes, under IFR
flight plan*
Yes
3 statute miles**
500' below,**
1,000' above,
　
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