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Approach Azimuth Guidance................................7-45
Required Navigation Performance................................7-46
Flight Management Systems (FMS).............................7-48
Function of FMS.......................................................7-48
Head-Up Display (HUD)..............................................7-49
Radar Navigation (Ground Based)................................7-49
Functions of Radar Navigation.................................7-49
Airport Surface Detection Equipment...................7-50
Radar Limitations......................................................7-50
Chapter 8
The National Airspace System............................8-1
Introduction.....................................................................8-1
Airspace Classification................................................8-2
Special Use Airspace...................................................8-2
Federal Airways..........................................................8-4
Other Routing..............................................................8-5
IFR En Route Charts.......................................................8-6
Airport Information.....................................................8-6
Charted IFR Altitudes.................................................8-6
Navigation Features.....................................................8-7
Types of NAVAIDs.................................................8-7
Identifying Intersections..........................................8-7
Other Route Information........................................8-10
Weather Information and Communication
Features..................................................................8-10
New Technologies........................................................8-10
Terminal Procedures Publications................................8-12
Departure Procedures (DPs)......................................8-12
Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs).............8-12
Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Charts .............8-12
Margin Identification.................................................8-12
The Pilot Briefing......................................................8-16
The Plan View...........................................................8-16
Terminal Arrival Area (TAA).......................................8-18
Course Reversal Elements in Plan View and
Profile View...............................................................8-20
Procedure Turns.....................................................8-20
Holding in Lieu of Procedure Turn.......................8-20
Teardrop Procedure...............................................8-21
The Profile View....................................................8-21
Landing Minimums...................................................8-23
Airport Sketch /Airport Diagram..............................8-27
Inoperative Components...........................................8-27
RNAV Instrument Approach Charts.........................8-32
Chapter 9
The Air Traffic Control System............................9-1
Introduction.....................................................................9-1
Communication Equipment............................................9-2
Navigation/Communication (NAV/COM)
Equipment...................................................................9-2
Radar and Transponders..............................................9-3
Mode C (Altitude Reporting)...................................9-3
Communication Procedures............................................9-4
Communication Facilities...............................................9-4
xv
Automated Flight Service Stations (AFSS)................9-4
ATC Towers................................................................9-5
Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON)..........9-6
Tower En Route Control (TEC)..................................9-7
Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)...............9-7
Center Approach/Departure Control...........................9-7
ATC Inflight Weather Avoidance Assistance...............9-11
ATC Radar Weather Displays...................................9-11
Weather Avoidance Assistance.................................9-11
Approach Control Facility............................................9-12
Approach Control Advances.........................................9-12
Precision Runway Monitor (PRM)...........................9-12
Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) Radar.............9-12
PRM Benefits.........................................................9-13
Control Sequence..........................................................9-13
Letters of Agreement (LOA).....................................9-14
　
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