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may not show on a radar display.
8.6.10 Reporting of significant meteorological
information to meteorological offices
Although a radar controller is not required to keep a special
watch for storm detection, etc., information on the position,
intensity, extent and movement of significant weather (i.e.
storms or well-defined frontal surfaces) as observed on radar
displays, should, when practicable, be reported to the
associated meteorological office.
8.7 USE OF RADAR IN THE
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE
Note.— The procedures in this Section are general
procedures applicable when radar is used in the provision of
area control service or approach control service. Additional
procedures applicable in the provision of approach control
service are detailed in Section 8.9.
8.7.1 Functions
The information presented on a radar display may be used to
perform the following functions in the provision of air traffic
control service:
a) provide radar services as necessary in order to
improve airspace utilization, reduce delays, provide
for direct routings and more optimum flight profiles,
as well as to enhance safety;
b) provide radar vectoring to departing aircraft for the
purpose of facilitating an expeditious and efficient
departure flow and expediting climb to cruising level;
c) provide radar vectoring to aircraft for the purpose of
resolving potential conflicts;
d) provide radar vectoring to arriving aircraft for the
purpose of establishing an expeditious and efficient
approach sequence;
8-10 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
e) provide radar vectoring to assist pilots in their
navigation, e.g. to or from a radio navigation aid, away
from or around areas of adverse weather, etc.;
f) provide separation and maintain normal traffic flow
when an aircraft experiences communication failure
within the area of the radar coverage;
g) maintain radar monitoring of air traffic;
Note.— Where tolerances regarding such matters
as adherence to track, speed or time have been
prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority,
deviations are not considered significant until such
tolerances are exceeded.
h) when applicable, maintain a watch on the progress of
air traffic, in order to provide a non-radar controller
with:
i) improved position information regarding aircraft
under control;
ii) supplementary information regarding other traffic;
and
iii) information regarding any significant deviations
by aircraft from the terms of their respective air
traffic control clearances, including their cleared
routes as well as levels, when appropriate.
8.7.2 Coordination of traffic under
radar and non-radar control
Appropriate arrangements shall be made in any air traffic
control unit using radar to ensure the coordination of traffic
under radar control with traffic under non-radar control, and
to ensure the provision of adequate separation between the
radar-controlled aircraft and all other controlled aircraft. To
this end, close liaison shall be maintained at all times
between radar controllers and non-radar controllers.
8.7.3 Separation application
Note.— Factors which the radar controller must take into
account in determining the spacing to be applied in particular
circumstances in order to ensure that the separation minimum
is not infringed include aircraft relative headings and speeds,
radar technical limitations, controller workload and any
difficulties caused by communication congestion. Guidance
material on this subject is contained in the Air Traffic Services
Planning Manual (Doc 9426).
8.7.3.1 Except as provided for in 8.7.3.7, 8.7.3.8 and
8.8.3.2, radar separation shall only be applied between
identified aircraft when there is reasonable assurance that
identification will be maintained.
8.7.3.2 Except when transfer of radar control is to be
effected, non-radar separation shall be established by a radar
controller before an aircraft under radar control reaches the
limits of the controller’s area of responsibility, or before the
aircraft leaves the area of radar coverage.
8.7.3.3 When authorized by the appropriate ATS
authority, radar separation based on the use of RPS and/or
PSR blips shall be applied so that the distance between the
centres of the RPS’s and/or PSR blips, representing the
positions of the aircraft concerned, is never less than a
prescribed minimum.
8.7.3.4 Radar separation based on the use of PSR blips
and SSR responses shall be applied so that the distance
between the centre of the PSR blip and the nearest edge of the
　
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