Scientists from the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) and
from Faa worked with atC personnel to analyze
incidents on file using the JANUS taxonomy and the JANUS structured-interview process. The JANUS technique examines each incident as potentially having multiple linking events and analyzes each event or link separately. Researchers found that the JANUS technique appeared to be more sensitive, useful, compre-hensive and practical than current processes to identify incident causal factors.
This study represents one phase of a research project,“Management and Reduction of Human Error in Air Traffic Management,” conducted jointly by Eurocontrol’s Human Factors and
Manpower unit and Faa’s Civil aerospace
Medical Institute.

Regulatory Materials
Aviation Maintenance Human Factors: Guidance Material on the U.K. CAA Interpretation of Part-145 Human Factors and Error Management Requirements. u.K. Civil aviation authority (Caa). Civil aviation Publication (CaP) 716. issue 2. dec. 18, 2003. 300 pp. available on the internet at <www.caa.
co.uk> or from Documedia.***
the publication provides details of the Caa’s
interpretation of European Joint Aviation
Requirements (JaRs) Part 145 and european aviation Safety agency (eaSa) Part 145. the
interpretation primarily applies to large aircraft-maintenance organizations approved under Part
145 and provides practical guidance material for
applying best practices in human factors within an organization’s procedures. “The emphasis is on practical guidance material for real-world situations, acknowledging (but not condoning) the fact that sometimes people fail to comply with procedures, albeit often with the best of
intentions,” says the Caa. “it recognizes that
organizations operate within a competitive com-mercial environment and concentrates upon risk and error management rather than risk and error elimination.”
Someofthemajortopicsaddressedareelementsof a human factors program; facilities, tools and work environments; maintenance-error-management system; audits; worker fitness; professionalism and integrity; communications and teamwork; and hu-man factors training for maintenance personnel. The publication is designed to be used as a basis for training, but not as a training text.
Guidance material, much of it based on in-dustry experience, may be tailored to suit the size of an organization and the nature of its corporate business. Examples are included of a company’s safety policy and a company’s dis-ciplinary policy; a list of safety accountabilities for management staff; a checklist for assessing attitudes and practices of an organization; and sample questionnaires on issues that could affect aviation safety within a maintenance or-ganization. The document also contains a copy of “JAA Maintenance Human Factors Working
　
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