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Appendix
Turbojet Airplane Hard-landing Accidents and Incidents, 1996–2002

Date Location Airplane Type Airplane Damage Injuries
March 8, 1996 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Boeing 767-300 substantial 100 none
Weather conditions were near the published minimums for the localizer back-course approach to Runway 06.The flight crew conducted the approach during nighttime, with freezing drizzle and winds from 090 degrees at five knots to 10 knots.The airplane was slightly right of the extended runway centerline when the crew saw the runway environment at the minimum descent altitude.The report said that the upsloping runway created a visual illusion that caused both pilots to perceive that the airplane was higher than it was and to make an unwarranted reduction of thrust about 10 seconds before touchdown.The airplane touched down hard 200 feet (61 meters) past the runway threshold; pitch attitude was higher than normal, and the airplane’s tail struck the runway.The report said that the flight crew did not use the runway’s precision approach path indicator (PAPI) lights for vertical guidance during the approach.
　
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