-
The distance

6 Refer to Appendix F for details.

3.6.2. ATSAW APPLICATIONS
The following sections describe the different ATSAW applications. At the time of writing the brochure, the ATSAW function on AIRBUS aircraft is capable of ATSA AIRB, ITP and VSA applications. Some details on ATSAW applications can also be found at
http://www.eurocontrol.int/cascade/public/standard_page/service_descriptions.ht ml.
3.6.2.1. ON GROUND: ATSA SURFACE (ATSA SURF)
ATSA SURF provides the flight crew with information regarding the surrounding traffic during taxi and runway operations. ATSA SURF is expected to improve safety and to reduce taxi time during low visibility conditions and by night.
3.6.2.2. IN FLIGHT: ATSA AIRBORNE (ATSA AIRB)
ATSA AIRB provides the flight crew with information regarding the surrounding traffic when in flight. ATSA AIRB is expected to improve the traffic awareness and the safety in flight.
ATSA AIRB is a general use of ATSAW when the aircraft is airborne. ATSA AIRB supplements the verbal traffic information from the ATC controller and flight crews of surrounding aircraft. Therefore, ATSA AIRB is expected to improve the flight safety and efficiency thanks to improved traffic awareness. In particular, the flight crew uses ATSA AIRB to enhance existing procedures:
- Construction of traffic awareness
- Visual acquisition for See-and-Avoid
- Traffic Information Broadcasts by Aircraft (TIBA).
The benefits of ATSA AIRB are:
.  
An optimization and/or reduction of workload. With a better knowledge of the traffic situation, the flight crew is able to manage and anticipate tasks. ATSAW AIRB also reduces the mental effort to construct the traffic awareness.

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A reduction of radio communication. With a better knowledge of the traffic situation, the flight crew will request fewer updates of traffic information or fewer clearances blocked by surrounding aircraft (e.g. request for a flight level already occupied by another aircraft).

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A reduction of useless RA. With a better knowledge of the traffic situation, the flight crew will reduce the vertical speed when the aircraft approaches the cleared flight level. A high vertical speed when the aircraft approaches the cleared flight level may trigger useless RA. Refer to 3.2 – Operational Recommendations for TCAS.

.  
Early detection of developing dangerous situations. With a better knowledge of the traffic situation, the flight crew can identify dangerous situations with other aircraft and contact the ATC controller to get confirmation.

.  
More cooperative responses from flight crews to ATC instructions.

With a better knowledge of the traffic situation, the flight crew can better understand and accept ATC instructions.
3.6.2.2.1. Construction of Traffic Awareness
With the existing procedure, the flight crew mentally constructs the traffic picture thanks to
　
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