3.  
TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE............................................................................ 3-1

3.1.  
Description of ACAS – TCAS............................................................... 3-3

3.1.1.  
TCAS Designation .............................................................................. 3-4

3.1.2.  
TCAS Principle ................................................................................... 3-4

3.1.2.1.  
Detection Phase..................................................................................3-5

3.1.2.2.  
Tracking Phase ...................................................................................3-6

3.1.3.  
TCAS and Mode S............................................................................... 3-6

3.1.3.1.  
Coordinated Maneuvers........................................................................3-6

3.1.3.2. Communication with ATC Ground Stations ..............................................3-7

3.1.4. Collision Threat Evaluation................................................................ 3-7

3.1.4.1. Vertical Separation..............................................................................3-8

3.1.4.2. Time to Intercept (TAU) .......................................................................3-8

3.1.5. TCAS Envelopes................................................................................. 3-9

3.1.6. TCAS II Change 7.1 ......................................................................... 3-10

3.1.6.1. CP112E – Solution to the Reversal Logic Issue....................................... 3-10

3.1.6.2. CP115 – Solution to the “ADJUST VERTICAL SPEED, ADJUST” Issue.......... 3-11

3.1.7. TCAS Indications ............................................................................. 3-12

3.1.7.1. TCAS Display....................................................................................3-12

3.1.7.2. TCAS Aural Alerts..............................................................................3-14

3.1.8. TCAS Controls.................................................................................. 3-17

3.2. Operational Recommendations for TCAS ......................................... 3-18

3.2.1. For the Airline ................................................................................. 3-18

3.2.2. For the Flight Crew.......................................................................... 3-19

3.3. Regulations for TCAS....................................................................... 3-19

3.4. Manufacturers for TCAS................................................................... 3-20
　
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