3.2 Operational Recommendations for TCAS 3-18
3.2.1 For the Airline 3-18
3.2.2 For the Flight Crew 3-19
3.3 Regulations for TCAS 3-19
3.4 Manufacturers for TCAS 3-20
3.4.1 ACSS TCAS 2000 and T2CAS 3-20
3.4.3 Rockwell Collins TTR 921 3-21
3.4.4 Honeywell TPA 100A 3-21
3.5 Future Systems 3-21 Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness – ATSAW
3.6 Description of ATSAW 3-23
3.6.1 Enriched Traffic Information 3-24
3.6.2 ATSAW Applications 3-25
3.6.2.1 On Ground: ATSA 3-25
3.6.2.2 In Flight: ATSA Airborne (ATSA AIRB 3-25
3.6.3 ATSAW Envelopes and Filtering Logic 3-29
3.6.3.1 ATSAW Envelopes 3-29
3.6.3.2 Filtering Logic 3-29
3.6.4 ATSAW Indications 3-29
3.6.4.1 ND 3-29
3.6.4.2 MCDU 3-32
3.6.5 ATSAW Controls 3-38
3.6.5.1 MCDU controls 3-38
3.6.5.2 Traffic Selector 3-39
3.7 Operational Recommendations for ATSAW 3-40
3.7.1 For the Airline 3-40
3.7.2 For the Flight Crew 3-40
3.8 Regulations for ATSAW 3-40
3.9 Manufacturer for ATSAW 3-40
3.10 Future Applications 3-41
3.10.1 ATSA SURF with OANS 3-41
3.10.2 Enhanced Sequencing and Merging Operations 3-41
The Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS), or commonly named Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) has fulfilled the Traffic Awareness function for years. ACAS stands for the ICAO designation.
Based on gained experience from TCAS operations, AIRBUS developed a new AFS vertical mode (AP/FD TCAS mode). In order to reduce workload and stress of the flight crew during an RA alert, AFS assists the flight crew with FD or AP.
As the ADS-B technology arises, a new tool to fulfill the Traffic Awareness function is now available in the cockpit: the Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness (ATSA or ATSAW, the latter being the AIRBUS designation). The large set of data supported by ADS-B permits the ATSAW application to provide enhanced traffic awareness (e.g. heading and flight number of surrounding aircraft) to the flight crew.
The following chapter describes the Traffic Awareness fulfilled by conventional TCAS and new ATSAW.
3.1. DESCRIPTION OF ACAS – TCAS
The concept of airborne collision avoidance system appeared in the early 1950s with the continuous growth of the air traffic at that time. Several midair collisions lead to the development of TCAS by the FAA in the United States of America. Concurrently, ICAO had developed the ACAS standards since the early 1980s and officially recognized ACAS on November 1993. The ICAO Annex 10, Volume IV describes the ACAS requirements, and the ICAO PANS-OPS (Doc 8168) and ICAO PANS-ATM (Doc 4444) define the ACAS operational use.
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