. 
aircraft type;

. 
aircrew flight and duty times;

. 
prevailing weather conditions;

. 
anticipated density altitude;

. 
pilot experience and recency;

. 
planned flight speed.

A10.8 Minimum Survey Speed
For each fixed-wing aircraft type, the minimum safe survey speed is calculated to be the greater of:
. 
130% of clean stall speed (Vs);

. 
110% of best single-engine rate of climb speed (Vyse, if applicable); and

. 
minimum safe single-engine speed (Vsse, if published).

This minimum survey speed is to be observed even after “zoom” climbs and should be raised as nec-essary to account for local conditions such as turbulence and gusty winds.

A10.9 SAR Coverage
All aircraft engaged in geophysical operations are to be in radio contact with an appropriate organi-sation holding Search & Rescue (SAR) responsibility. The utilisation of a satellite/VHF automatic flight-following system overcomes many of the difficulties and limitations associated with conven-tional radio communications. A SAR plan is to be established, and daily SAR briefings are to be given prior to any flying activity. The following is to be used as the framework for SAR planning:
Base-camp holding SAR for aircraft on survey
A comprehensive radio net is to be established between the base-camp and the aircraft on survey for the duration of the exercise. Where terrain or geophysical equipment prevent constant radio con-tact, provision is to be made for “ops normal” calls every 30 minutes. In the event that flying a line is greater than 30 minutes in duration the call is to be made at the completion of each line.

Local flight service holding SAR for aircraft on survey
Liaison between the operator and flight service responsible for that area should outline the intended area of operations, SAR times, and methods by which position reports may be given. Details of the ground party supporting the operation, and methods by which they may be contacted, should be registered with flight service prior to the operation.

A10.10 Minimum fuel reserves
A minimum fixed fuel reserve of 30 minutes flying time at cruise consumption rate is required for all survey operations. If, during deployment to and from the survey area a fixed-wing aircraft is flown under IFR conditions, a variable reserve of 10% is to be added to the fixed fuel reserve. Where the local regulatory authority requires higher reserves these amounts are to be used.

A10.11 Fuel quality & procedures
Portable refuelling units used with bladder or drum stock are to be fitted with Go/No-Go filters. Water detector paste is to be used to test AVGAS from drum stock, and Shell Water Detector Capsules used for Jet A-1.
Storage control, purity control, grounding/earthing systems and security of fuel supply must be con-sidered in fuel planning.
. 2008 OGP Rotors running refuelling for helicopters should comply with the requirements of Section 5.8 of this guide.

A10.12 Helicopter procedures
It should be noted that standards andprocedures for helicopters involved in geophysical work follow those laid down for fixed-wing above.

Appendix 11 Contents

A11 Aerial pipeline inspection 159
A11.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................159
A11.2 General guidelines..................................................................................................................................................159
A11.3 Single-engine aircraft .............................................................................................................................................159
　
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