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b)  Where approved by local authority, life vests with crotch strap designs are preferred over those without.
c)  Rebreather systems for life vests and/or exposure suits which are designed to provide addi-tional time for underwater egress may be considered for use, but a suitable training pro-gramme will need to be established. These systems should have appropriate approval for use by the regulatory authority.
d)  Some exposure suits do not have integral life vests and may lack adequate sustained floata-tion, and a separate life vest may need to be worn externally. A crotch strap may be neces-sary for adequate security of these separately worn vests. The manufacturers and regulatory authority should be consulted as necessary for clarification.

Constant wear life jackets
For operations where the vests are routinely worn, such as offshore helicopters, they should be cov-ered with a durable fabric to reduce damage from constant handling. Life jackets manufactured to an approved TSO for constant wear life jackets are preferred.

Helicopters & float plane life jackets
a) For all helicopters and floatplanes over-water flights beyond gliding distance of land, the life jacket should be worn in a readiness condition. b) Pilot life vests for offshore helicopters or remote areas should contain an emergency radio (See also paragraph 12.4.2)

Aeroplane Life Jackets
For single-engine aeroplanes, and multi-engine aeroplanes that cannot maintain altitude on one engine, conducting operations over water beyond gliding distance of land, life jackets should be worn by all occupants.
For all other aeroplane extended over water operations, life jackets will be available and readily accessible for use by passengers and crew in the event of a ditching.

Night flights – life jacket additional requirement
For night flights, life jackets will be equipped with an integral light.

12.5.4 Exposure suits for offshore helicopter & float plane flights
Decision to use exposure suits
Immersion suits certified for use by the regulatory authority should be provided to crews and pas-sengers for helicopter over water operations in cold water hostile environments.
In the event that local regulatory controls do not address the issue of wearing exposure suits, all necessary details and requirements should be stipulated by the Company.
These requirements should be reviewed and a decision made prior to commencement of operations.
Several studies and regulatory documents providing information on estimated survival time based on water temperatures versus survival time in varying kinds of dress can be used as background material for making decisions on use of survival suits. These documents should be available from the OGP Member’s Aviation Adviser.

Exposure suit considerations
1) A detailed risk analysis should be completed when determining if survival suits should be worn. 2) Factors that should be considered in the analysis for exposure suits should include: a) The availability and anticipated response time of Search & Rescue resources. b) Realistic assumptions on search and/or rescue time should include: c) Distance offshore. d) Worst case visibility conditions. e) Accuracy of aircraft navigation equipment. f) Worst case sea conditions. g) Time to hoist each occupant. h) Potential for in sea assistance of occupants.
i) Dropping of survival equipment. (see also sub-paragraph m below)
j) Estimated survival time for clothing being worn.
k) The worst case scenario in terms of the most unfavourable location of a ditched aircraft and longest mobilization

times for aircraft or vessels should be used when detailing minimum response times. l) Additional equipment and personnel factors such as, helicopter winching limitations, rescue helicopter capacity, crew expertise, guaranteed availability, and all-weather capabilities of the rescue aircraft/vessels need also to be
　
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