interface, immediately conduct a test, as these strongly indicate microbial activity within the recent time span.

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Microbe growth treatment If the microbe growth test is positive, use of the affected tank(s) should be suspended and the

following protocol followed. Once the protocol has been followed then a repeat microbe pres-ence test should be completed.
a)  Bulk or transport tanks: full tank cleaning including disinfecting the tank surfaces with Chlorex bleach (or equivalent) followed by fresh water rinsing, inspect and replace all downstream contaminated filter elements.
b)  Aircraft tanks and filters: filters should be replaced and tanks drained and cleaned follow-ing the manufacturer recommendations.
c)  Use of microbes treatments: any microbe treatments, such as “BioBar” or equivalent should be used with caution and the aircraft manufacturer contacted to determine is use of such treatments are allowed for that model aircraft’s fuel.

7.4.4 Drummed fuel guidelines
The following precautions are applicable to operations that involve the use and storage of drummed fuel:
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Drums should be tight with no broken seals prior to use.

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Drum stock should be consumed within 12 months of packaging date.

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Drums will be stored with the bungs horizontally at the 9 and 3 o’clock positions, with the bung end tilted slightly lower than the opposite end (non-opening), to prevent moisture/rust formation inside the bung end of the barrel.

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Each drum of fuel should be sampled and tested with water detector capsules or an approved paste to confirm no water contamination is present and visually inspected for proper colour and contaminates.

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Pumps used for drum refuelling should be equipped with water blocking filtration system.

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Pump standpipes should extend no closer than 50mm (2 inches) of the drum bottom.

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Before fuelling the aircraft, a small amount of fuel should be pumped into a container to remove any contaminants from the hose and nozzle.

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The standard marking for a contaminated drum is an “X” marked on the bung end.

7.5 Rapid refuelling (refuelling with engines running)
7.5.1 Approvals & procedures
If an operational requirement to conduct rapid refuelling exists the following should be in place:
a)  Approvals: company management should approve the specific circumstances in which rapid refuelling may be conducted.
b)  Training: the Operator’s approved Operations Manual will include written procedures to be followed for the refuelling operation. The aircrew and ground support staff should have completed the Operator’s training programme before refuelling is considered.

7.5.2 Guidelines
In addition to any local regulatory requirements the following minimal guidelines will be used for rapid refuelling:
a) A pilot shall remain at the controls at all times. b) A minimum of three individuals are required for the refuelling operation, one for refuel-ling, one for pump shut-off, and one for fire watch (with appropriate extinguisher). c) Passengers are to disembark prior to the refuelling operation commencing. i) If for safety reasons the Pilot-in-Command decides to refuel with the passengers on-board the aircraft the passengers should be informed of this decision and actions to take in the event of a fire. ii) All seat belts are to be opened, the main exit door away from the side where refuelling is occurring should be opened, and no smoking will be allowed. iii) Radios are not to be used during refuelling, and all anti-collision lights, radar, radio altimeter, transponder and DME equipment should be switched OFF. iv) Prior to removing the fuel cap and inserting the fuel nozzle into the aircraft fuel tank, grounding wires running from the fuel station and from the fuel hose to the aircraft should be connected. v) When refuelling is completed the Pilot-in-Command should verify that all equipment is removed, the fuel cap has been securely replaced and the aircraft is properly configured for flight.
　
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