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4.4.2.1 IFR Low Altitude En Route Chart. This chart will depict all IR routes and all VR routes that accommodate operations above 1,500 feet AGL.
4.4.2.2 VFR Sectional Charts. These charts will depict military training activities such as IR, VR, MOA, restricted area, warning area, and alert area information.
4.4.2.3 Area Planning (AP/1B) Chart (DOD Flight Information Publication.FLIP). This chart is published by the DOD primarily for military users
and contains detailed information on both IR and VR routes.
4.5 The FLIP contains charts and narrative descrip-tions of these routes. This publication is available to the general public by single copy or annual subscription from:
National Aeronautical Charting Office (NACO) Distribution Division Federal Aviation Administration 6501 Lafayette Avenue Riverdale, MD 20737.1199 Toll free phone: 1.800.638.8972 Commercial: 301.436.8301
4.5.1 This DOD FLIP is available for pilot briefings at FSSs and many airports.
4.6 Nonparticipating aircraft are not prohibited from flying within an MTR; however, extreme vigilance should be exercised when conducting flight through or near these routes. Pilots should contact FSSs within 100 NM of a particular MTR to obtain current information or route usage in their vicinity. Information available includes times of scheduled activity, altitudes in use on each route segment, and actual route width. Route width varies for each MTR and can extend several miles on either side of the charted MTR centerline. Route width information for IR and VR MTRs is also available in the FLIP AP/1B along with additional MTR (SR/AR) information. When requesting MTR information, pilots should give the FSS their position, route of flight, and destination in order to reduce frequency congestion and permit the FSS specialist to identify the MTR which could be a factor.

ENR 5.3 [RESERVED]

Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
ENR 5.4 [RESERVED]

Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
ENR 5.5 [RESERVED]

Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
ENR 5.6 Bird Migration and Areas
 With Sensitive Fauna

1. Migratory Bird Activity
1.1 Bird strike risk increases because of bird migration during the months of March through April and August through November.
1.2 The altitudes of migrating birds vary with winds aloft, weather fronts, terrain elevations, cloud conditions, and other environmental variables. While over 90 percent of the reported bird strikes occur at or below 3,000 feet AGL, strikes at higher altitudes are common during migration. Ducks and geese are frequently observed up to 7,000 feet AGL and pilots are cautioned to minimize en route flying at lower altitudes during migration.
1.3
Considered the greatest potential hazard to aircraft because of their size, abundance, or habit of flying in dense flocks are gulls, waterfowl, vultures, hawks, owls, egrets, blackbirds, and starlings. Four major migratory flyways exist in the U.S. The Atlantic Flyway parallels the Atlantic coast, the Mississippi Flyway stretches from Canada through the Great Lakes and follows the Mississippi River. The Central Flyway represents a broad area east of the Rockies, stretching from Canada through Central America. The Pacific Flyway follows the west coast and overflies major parts of Washington, Oregon, and California. There are also numerous smaller flyways which cross these major north.south migratory routes.

2.
Reducing Bird Strike Risks

2.1 The most serious strikes are those involving ingestion into an engine (turboprop and turbine jet engines) or windshield strikes. These strikes can result in emergency situations requiring prompt action by the pilot.
2.2 Engine ingestions may result in sudden loss of power or engine failure. Review engine out procedures, especially when operating from airports with known bird hazards or when operating near high bird concentrations.
2.3 Windshield strikes have resulted in pilots experiencing confusion, disorientation, loss of communications, and aircraft control problems. Pilots are encouraged to review their emergency procedures before flying in these areas.
2.4 When encountering birds en route, climb to avoid collision because birds in flocks generally distribute themselves downward, with lead birds being at the highest altitude.
2.5
Avoid overflight of known areas of bird concentration and flying low altitudes during bird migration. Charted wildlife refuges and other natural areas contain unusually high local concentration of birds which may create a hazard to aircraft.

3.
Reporting Bird Strikes

3.1
Pilots are urged to report any bird or other wildlife strike using FAA Form 5200.7, Bird/Other Wildlife Strike Report (FIG ENR 5.6.1). Forms are available at any FSS or any FAA Regional Office. Wildlife strikes can also be reported electronically at: http://wildlife.mitigation.tc.faa.gov. The data de-rived from these reports are used to develop standards to cope with this potential hazard to aircraft and for documentation of necessary habitat control on airports.
　
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