曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

18.4.1.2 Aircraft using GPS navigation equipment under IFR must be equipped with an approved and operational alternate means of navigation appropriate to the flight. Active monitoring of alternative navigation equipment is not required if the GPS receiver uses RAIM for integrity monitoring. Active monitoring of an alternate means of navigation is required when the RAIM capability of the GPS equipment is lost.
18.4.1.3 Procedures must be established for use in the event that the loss of RAIM capability is predicted to occur. In situations where this is encountered, the flight must rely on other approved equipment, delay departure, or cancel the flight.
18.4.1.4 The GPS operation must be conducted in accordance with the FAA.approved aircraft flight manual (AFM) or flight manual supplement. Flight crew members must be thoroughly familiar with the particular GPS equipment installed in the aircraft, the receiver operation manual, and the AFM or flight manual supplement. Unlike ILS and VOR, the basic operation, receiver presentation to the pilot, and some capabilities of the equipment can vary greatly. Due to these differences, operation of different brands, or even models of the same brand, of GPS receiver under IFR should not be attempted without thorough study of the operation of that particular receiver and installation. Most receivers have a built.in simulator mode which will allow the pilot to become familiar with operation prior to attempting operation in the aircraft. Using the equipment in flight under VFR conditions prior to attempting IFR operation will allow further familiarization.
18.4.1.5 Aircraft navigating by IFR approved GPS are considered to be RNAV aircraft and have special equipment suffixes. File the appropriate equipment suffix in accordance with TBL ENR 4.1.4, on the ATC flight plan. If GPS avionics become inoperative, the pilot should advise ATC and amend the equipment suffix.
18.4.1.6 Prior to any GPS IFR operation, the pilot must review appropriate NOTAMs and aeronautical information. (See GPS NOTAMs/Aeronautical In-formation.)
18.4.1.7 Air carrier and commercial operators must meet the appropriate provisions of their approved operations specifications.
18.5 Use of GPS for IFR Oceanic, Domestic En Route, and Terminal Area Operations
18.5.1 GPS IFR operations in oceanic areas can be conducted as soon as the proper avionics systems are installed, provided all general requirements are met. A GPS installation with TSO.C.129 authorization in class A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, or C2 may be used to replace one of the other approved means of long.range navigation, such as dual INS. (See TBL ENR 4.1.4 and TBL ENR 4.1.5.) A single GPS installation with these classes of equipment which provide RAIM for integrity monitoring may also be used on short oceanic routes which have only required one means of long.range navigation.
18.5.2 GPS domestic en route and terminal IFR operations can be conducted as soon as proper avionics systems are installed, provided all general requirements are met. The avionics necessary to receive all of the ground.based facilities appropriate for the route to the destination airport and any required alternate airport must be installed and operational. Ground.based facilities necessary for these routes must also be operational.
18.5.2.1 GPS en route IFR RNAV operations may be conducted in Alaska outside the operational service volume of ground.based navigation aids when a TSO.C145a or TSO.C146a GPS/WAAS system is installed and operating. Ground.based navigation equipment is not required to be installed and operating for en route IFR RNAV operations when using GPS WAAS navigation systems. All operators should ensure that an alternate means of navigation is available in the unlikely event the GPS WAAS navigation system becomes inoperative.

TBL ENR 4.1.4
GPS IFR Equipment Classes/Categories
TSO.C129 
Equipment Class  RAIM  Int. Nav Sys. to Prov. RAIM Equiv.  Oceanic  En Route  Terminal  Nonprecision Approach Capable 
Class A . GPS sensor and navigation capability. 
A1  yes  yes  yes  yes  yes 
A2  yes  yes  yes  yes  no 
Class B . GPS sensor data to an integrated navigation system (i.e. FMS, multi.sensor navigation system, etc.). 
B1  yes  yes  yes  yes  yes 
B2  yes  yes  yes  yes  no 
B3  yes  yes  yes  yes  yes 
B4  yes  yes  yes  yes  no 
Class C . GPS sensor data to an integrated navigation system (as in Class B) which provides enhanced guidance to an autopilot, or flight director, to reduce flight tech. errors. Limited to 14 CFR Part 121 or equivalent criteria. 
C1  yes  yes  yes  yes  yes 
C2  yes  yes  yes  yes  no 
　
中國航空網 m.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：美國航行情報匯編 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION AIP 3(36)