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length standoff configuration)
The 24-&h standoff configuration will be utilized to
replace the KA-93C LOROP sensor and will be
mounted in bay 2 of the TARPS pod in lieu of the
U-99.
Focal Length
Maximum Aperture
Field Of View
Negative Format
Vg/H Range
Maximum Cycle Rate
Effective Shutter Speeds
Filters
Forward Overlap
Film Load
9 inches
f/4.0
28” xl80
4.5 x 28 inches
0.5 to 1.06
8 cycles per second
l/43 to l/22,600
Yellow, red, or clear
CTR 55% at NADIR; L/R 55% at 30” below side
horizon
2,000 feet (2.5 mil); 800 exposures (750 usable)
Note
l The Automatic Exposure Control (AK) system uses internally mounted
light meters which average the scanned field. AEC can be overridden
(* 1 Fstop) in-flight with the CPS.
l Sensor does not have roll stabilization, thus aircraft rolling will alter angle
of view and may blur imagery.
l Maximum listed Vg/H can be exceeded, but the imagery will be degraded
by incorrect FMC and reduced overlap.
Figure 22-15. KA-99A Panoramic Camera Characteristics
22-25 ORIGINAL
NAVAIR 61.FlUADThe
KS-153A features true angle corrected FMC
across the entire film format for any oblique angle; automatic
range focus from 1,000 feet to infinity, and selfcontained
automatic temperature/pressure focus
compensation; shutter priority automatic exposure control
using preflight setting of aerial film speed and aircraft
V/H signal; 12- or 56percent preflight-selectable
overlap; roll compensation; and data annotation. The
4.5-inch K 9-inch film format provides sequential
thnes 10.7O along-track and 21.4” across-back coverage
on 9.5-i& wide film. This image format reduces
processing time and allows direct stereo viewing without
cutting the film.
The KS-153A can be programmed for any desired
depression angle from horizon to horizon, limited in
coverage only by the aircraft titel tanks (17’ left, 25’
right). Typically, the KS-153A will be. preprogrammed
for the following three depression angles: 27’ left
oblique, vertical, and 31” right oblique. These are selected
using the LEFT, CTR, and RIGHT positions on
the CPS PAN camera control switch. When selected, a
21.4’ scan will be used, centered about the preset
oblique angle. Depression angles cannot be changed in
flight.
Figure 22-16 summarizes some specific characteristics
and information on the KS-153A standoff
camera.
22.7.5 Photographic Film. Film can be separated
by general type as follows:
1. Black and white film:
a. Aerial film speed
b. Resolution
c. Spectral sensitivity
2. Color film:
a. Aerial film speed
b. Negative/reversal
c. Camouflage detection infrared.
Film speed is a value assigned to a specific film to
enable you to determine the correct exposure in various
light conditions. High-speed films are required for lowavailable-
light missions and for high-speed, low-level
missions where very fast shutter speeds are required.
High-resolution films provide greater detail but require
more light. A film’s spectral sensitivity means some
colors will reproduce on the film better than other colors.
Most of the common black and white tilms are panchromatic:
sensitive to all three primary colors (red, green,
and blue) that are found in normal daylight. Since the
red light does not scatter in haze as much as blue, contrast
filters are used to reduce the blue light. A yellow
filter will pass the green and red light, eliminating the
scattered blue light. A red filter will pass only the red
light, eliminating the scattered blue and also the green
(which scattersle sst han the blue). However, the yellow
filter will normally require one additional Vstop of exposure
and the dark red filter will normally require two
additional t%tops of exposure. Some black and white.
films have extra sensitivity to intiared light. This film is
most helpful in producing contrast detail between some
objects that would tend to blend with normal films. Most
notable would be the difference between water and
vegetation. Color films produce greater shadow detail
than black and white films and show color separation in
some objects that would reproduce at the same density
on black and white film. However, color film has less
fme resolution to show very intricate detail in a target.
Some color films are reversed in the processing, so that
they reproduce the colors in the original scene without
printing. These films are termed reversal or transparency
　
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