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The zones covered by these messages are shown in the following image,
superimposed on the Meteosat 9 infra-red image for 20 h 00.
Note: crews do not have access to such a view.
F-GZCP - 1st June 2009
31
SIGMET 5 issued for the RECIFE FIR defines the zone affected by storms as
being to the south-west of line AB shown in the figure above. This SIGMET
reads as follows:
WSBZ31 SBRE 311752 SBRE SIGMET 5 VALID 311800/312200 SBRE-RECIFE FIR
EMBD TS FCST SW OF CLARK PSN/ PEPER PSN/ NEURA PSN AREA TOP FL350
STNR NC=
The validity of this message is questionable for two reasons:
 line AB is in the south-west/north-east direction and yet, in such a case, a
"SE OF" or "NE NW OF" mention would be expected, and not "SW OF" as is
the case in the SIGMET,
 the satellite images during the period of validity of the SIGMET show the
convection zone to be located to the North-West of line AB rather than to
the South-East of the same.
It is thus possible that this SIGMET includes an error, with a SW OF mention
instead of a NW OF mention. On this assumption, SIGMET 5 SBRE would
complete the zone identified in the ATLANTICO FIR, as represented by the
green line in the figure below:
F-GZCP - 1st June 2009
32
SIGMET 10 was then issued for the ATLANTICO FIR for the period from 31 May
at 22 h 00 to 1st June at 2 h 00, reporting a forecast of stationary storms in the
layer, with tops at FL400. The zone covered is illustrated hereafter:
SIGMET 1 issued on 1st June for the ATLANTICO FIR, valid between 2 h 00 and
6 h 00, reported forecast stationary storms in the layer, with tops at FL380. The
zone covered is illustrated hereafter:
F-GZCP - 1st June 2009
33
SIGMET 2 issued for the DAKAR FIR on 1st June at 2 h 44, valid from 2 h 45 to
6 h 45, reported storms observed in the layer at 2 h 15 whose tops were at
FL450.
Note: in this SIGMET, the point referenced N 05°15’- W 072°49’ is probably N 05°15’ -
W 027°49’.
The zone covered by these two SIGMETs is illustrated below.
1.8 Aids to Navigation
The GNSS is the only navigation aid near the TASIL point.
At the estimated time of the event, the GPS constellation offered the navigation
precision required on the route.
1.9 Communications
Transcripts of the radio communications relating to flight AF447, provided by
Brazil, are in appendix 3.
F-GZCP - 1st June 2009
34
ORARO
TASIL
INTOL
1.9.1 Communications between the control centres
Note: the times mentioned come from the transcripts made by the Brazilian authority. There
is a variation of about one minute between this reference and that of the Senegalese ATC.
Between 21 h 40 and 23 h 18, the crew successively communicated:
 on the Rio de Janeiro “clearance” frequency (121.0 MHz) at 21 h 40,
 on the ground controller frequency (121.65 MHz), control tower frequency
(118.2 MHz), and departure control frequency (128.9 MHz),
 on the CURITIBA FIR frequency (133.4 MHz or 133.6 MHz). The CURITIBA
controller cleared the flight to climb to FL350,
 on the BRASILIA frequency (126.55 MHz, then 125.45 MHz and 128.7 MHz).
At 23 h 18 min 37, it was transferred to the RECIFE frequency (126.5 MHz).
At 0 h 36 min 40, the RECIFE controller asked it to maintain the altitude of
FL350 and to contact ATLANTICO on HF (6535 or 5565 kHz) when passing the
INTOL point.
At 1 h 31 min 44, the RECIFE controller gave it the ATLANTICO HF frequencies:
6649 or 5565 kHz, then 6535 kHz after the TASIL point. The crew read back the
three frequencies.
Note: TASIL is on the boundary between the ATLANTICO and DAKAR Oceanic FIRs.
F-GZCP - 1st June 2009
35
At 1 h 33 min 25, the crew contacted the ATLANTICO controller on the 6649 kHz
frequency. At 1 35 min 15, they informed the controller that they had passed the
INTOL point at 1 h 33, at FL350. They announced the following estimates: SALPU
at 1 h 48 then ORARO at 2. They also transmitted their SELCAL code: CPHQ.
At 1 h 35 min 26, the ATLANTICO controller coordinated flight AF447 with the
DAKAR controller. At 1 35 min 32, the ATLANTICO controller transmitted the
following items to the DAKAR controller: TASIL estimated at 2 h 20, FL350,
Mach 0.82.
At 1 h 35 min 38, the ATLANTICO controller sent a SELCAL call.
At 1 h 35 min 43, the crew thanked the controller.
At 1 h 35 min 46, the controller asked them to maintain an altitude of FL350
and to give a TASIL estimate.
Between 1 h 35 min 53 and 1 h 36 min 14, the ATLANTICO controller asked the
crew three times for their estimated time passing the TASIL point. The crew
　
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