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(°C)
(km)
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
(ft)
subsonic jet
transport
cruise level
International Standard Atmosphere
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
International Standard Atmosphere
pressure altitude (Zp)
500 850 1013.25
Ps
200 250 300 (hPa)
Zp = f(P) ISA table
2
4
6
8
10
12
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
(ft) (km)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
1 - International standard atmosphere
2 - Altimetry principle
3 - Operating speeds
4 - Flight mechanics
Table of Contents
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Zi
Zpamb
Zpset
Zp
pressure altitude
0
Pamb Pset 1013.25 (hPa)
Ps
Zp = f(Ps) ISA Table
Altimetry principle
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Altimeter function on PFD
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Standard setting: 1013.25 hPa
QNH setting
QFE setting
Radio
height
(AAL)
Height
Altitude Flight
Level
QNH QFE 1013
Altimeter setting
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
QNH
1013 hPa
sea level
descent
approach
1013 1013
take-off
climb
QNH
QNH
Altimeter setting
Transition
altitude
Transition
level
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Zi
(QNH)
Za
ISA
ISA + 30°
ISA - 30°
Temperature effect on true altitude
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
1013
STD + Za > Zi
1013
STD Za = Zi
1013
STD - Za < Zi
Temperature effect on true altitude
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
OM
Za = cst
STD + STD STD -
Zi = Za
Zi < Za Zi > Za
Temperature effect on the altimeter indication
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
1 - International standard atmosphere
2 - Altimetry principle
3 - Operating speeds
4 - Flight mechanics
Table of Contents
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Impact pressure pick-off
(Stby + Capt.)
F/O on the other side
Static ports
(Stby + F/O + Capt.)
symmetrical on the other side,
to avoid yaw errors
Pitot and static probes
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
P0
Pi P0
Dynamic: P = Pi - PS Static: PS
Air flow: V
Impact pressure pick-off: Pi Static port
Vi
Speed measurement
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Wind TAS
GS DA
GS = Ground Speed
DA = Drift Angle
TAS = True Air Speed
Ground speed and drift angle
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Speed conversion summary
DENSITY CORRECTION = 120
TAS = 445 kt
COMPRESSIBILITY
CORRECTION = -10 kt
POSITION ERROR
CORRECTION = +2 kt
CAS = 335 kt
IAS = 333 kt
FL 200
IAS = 333 kt
POSITION ERROR
CORRECTION = -1 kt
TAS = CAS = 332 kt
SEA
LEVEL
Air speed (kt)
250 300 350 400 450
Altitude
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
True Air Speed variation
300 / 0.78 climb
200 250 300 350 400 450 500
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
tropopause
iso CAS 300
FL
TAS (kt)
iso Mach 0.78
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
when thrust = drag
 level flight
when thrust < drag
 descent
　
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