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Ii = (di - D) mig
B
O’
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
CGO 01 1000kg
CGO 02
CGO 03
Cabin OA 10 pax
Cabin OB No influence
Cabin OC
 TOM Index calculation
Index
2000kg
1000kg
1500kg
12 Pax
60 Pax
30 Pax
I(oem)
I(zfm)
Fuel +12
I(tom) Index
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
I = A +mg
B (a - D +l B%
100
)
I = A +mg
B (d - D) B% = 100 d - a
+ l
Balance vs mass and TOM Index is given by
parametrized straight lines :
 Balance determination regarding TOM Index
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Index
A Index
B1% Bn%
0
mass
mmin
Aft certified limit
Fwd certif. lim
I(tom)
tom
B%
 Balance determination regarding TOM Index
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
BALANCE :
 1. Limits
 2. Expression
 3. Calculation
 4. The Index method
 5. Operational limits
 6. Balance and fuel consumption
JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
B1% Bn% Index
0
mmin
Aft certified limit
Fwd certif. lim.
mass
Operational limits
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Operational limits to compensate deviations and
errors :
weighing errors, unaccounted modifications and/or
equipment variations
deviation of the actual CG, or in the distribution, of fuel,
baggage, cargo, actual passenger seating
deviation caused by the in-flight movement of the cabin
crew, pantry equipment and passengers
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Weight (kg) INDEX
1000 +3.76
2000 +2.69
3000 +1.63
4000 +0.57
5000 -0.35
6000 -1.21
7000 -1.97
8000 -2.66
9000 -3.19
10000 -3.25
11000 -2.79
12000 -1.84
13000 -2.27
14000 -3.64
15000 -5.19
16000 -6.75
17000 -8.29
18000 -9.85
FULL -11.14
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
BALANCE :
 1. Limits
 2. Expression
 3. Calculation
 4. The Index method
 5. Operational limits
 6. Balance and fuel consumption
JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
CG
Wing
Lift
Pitch down
Download
 Influence of balance on fuel consumption
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Backward CG
If CG goes backward :
• Stabilizer download 
• Wing lift 
• AoA 
• Drag 
 fuel consumption 
 Influence of balance on fuel consumption
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Index
mass
ZFM balance
TOM balance
Outer tanks fueling
Inner tanks fueling
Center tank fueling
Auxiliary tank fueling
 Influence of balance on fuel consumption :
example A310
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Index
mass
Taxi, Take off,
climb to 20500 ftTransfer towards
H stabilizer tank
Forward transfert
Crossing down FL 200 :
fast forward transfer
Approach and
landing
Backward transfer
every 5 mn
 Influence of balance on fuel consumption :
example A310
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Part 2
European Applicable Regulations
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Table of contents
• Flight operations duties
• European Applicable Regulation
• General
• General aircraft limitations
• Payload Range
• Operating limitations
• In flight performance
• One engine inoperative performance
• Flight planning
• Weight and Balance
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU
 2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation
Safety Agency
 2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in
EASA system
 2.4 Structure of a JAR
　
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