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concepts (developed in the European Air Traffic Management
programmes in Brussels); research and development (carried
out at the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre (EEC), at
Brétigny-sur-Orge in France) and training (at the Institute of Air
Navigation Services (IANS), Luxembourg).
Co-operative Network Design is one of EUROCONTROL’s
core activities, bringing together all stakeholders in the
development of the ATM system, along the lines laid down
in the ATM 2000+ Strategy and the aims of the Single
European Sky.
Activities which come under the Co-operative Network
Design heading are grouped into these areas:
• Strategic Planning and Monitoring
• Innovative Research
• Safety, Human Factors, Security and the Environment
• Network efficiency improvements
• Sector productivity
• Airport operations
• Communications, Navigation and Surveillance
2. Pan-European functions. By definition, EUROCONTROL’s
work is carried out on a European level, with the aim of
maximising the safety and efficiency of the civil and military
ATM networks. There are substantial economies of scale to be
gained through the synergy of working on a pan-European
basis and EUROCONTROL brings even more added value
through its impartial, transparent and accessible services.
The dynamic management of air traffic flows in the short-,
medium- and long-term is carried out by the Central Flow
Management Unit, the CFMU. The CFMU began operations in
1995, paving the way for a common European Air Traffic Flow
and Capacity Management (ATFCM) System, in the context of
a uniform European ATM System. Key interdependent
functions include ATFCM, flight planning, airspace data
operations and data provision and reporting.
The collection of route charges for Member States – and
upon the request of other countries – is another key activity
in this area. The system used by the Central Route Charges
Office (CRCO) is based on the International Civil Aviation
Organisation’s recommendations for air navigation charges.
The CRCO works closely with national administrations and
charging offices.
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3. The provision of regional air traffic control services on behalf
of Member States who have requested it is currently done at the
Upper Area Control Centre (UAC) at Maastricht, the Netherlands,
and is planned in the context of the Central European Air Traffic
Services programme, CEATS, for the near future.
Regional co-operation makes for considerably improved
safety, greater capacity and better efficiency.
The Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre Agreement in
1986 and the Central European Air Traffic Services Agreement
in 1997 were signed in recognition of this fact.
The Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre has managed the
upper levels of the skies over Belgium, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands and north-western Germany – airspace which is
amongst the busiest and most complex in Europe – for nearly
three decades.
The CEATS UAC will bring increased airspace capacity and
greater efficiency than can be achieved by each of the separate
national systems operating on their own. The CEATS UAC will
enhance safety by eliminating the need for flights to be handed
over from one State to another and will bring controllers
together to work using the same data, common technologies
and identical procedures.
Both the Maastricht and CEATS UACs can be seen as
precursors of the Functional Airspace Blocks (FABs) which are
now being planned. As such they will form part of the overall
design for the Single European Sky. The Functional Airspace
Blocks are integrated blocks of airspace formed according to
operational requirements, regardless of national boundaries.
4. Support to regulatory activities addresses EUROCONTROL’s
safety regulations, the so-called EUROCONTROL Safety
Regulatory Requirements (ESARRs) and also assists EC
regulation, through the drafting of implementing rules for the
Single European Sky.
EUROCONTROL structure
The EUROCONTROL Organisation comprises:
• a Permanent Commission
• a Provisional Council
• the Agency, under the responsibility of the Director General
• the Performance Review Commission
• the Safety Regulation Commission
• the Civil and Military Interface Standing Committee
• the CEATS and Maastricht Standing Committees
• an Audit Board
• a Committee of Management
• an enlarged Committee for Route Charges
• the Chief Executives Standing Conference
　
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本文鏈接地址：A vision for European aviation(59)