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86
EFFICIENT ATM AND
AIRPORT OPERATIONS
Efforts to reduce the problem of en-route delays have succeeded remarkably
well. Airports are now unlocking their latent capacity to reduce ground delays.
But a future system will need to integrate airports and the en-route
environment in a seamless system. Bernard Fitzsimons examines the issues
© Flughafen München GmbH
87
uring the 1990s delays resulting from airspace
congestion grew to unacceptable levels. Measures to
enhance capacity, such as reduced vertical
separation minimum (RVSM), helped reverse the trend toward
increasing delays: now, even with traffic at record levels,
delays are at an all-time low.
Airports, though, find themselves under steadily increasing
pressure and threaten to become the main source of delay.
The Challenges to Growth study published in December
2004 found that even if they use every runway to its
maximum capacity, airports will be unable to cope with the
demand if traffic continues to increase in line with the higher
estimates of future growth.
EUROCONTROL’s Airport Operations Unit was formed in 1999
and since then, says Paul Wilson, Head of Airport Throughput
Business Division, it has developed an extremely close
relationship with air traffic control (ATC), airport operators, the
military and the airlines: “We have a really good relationship
with the airport community, and we have now integrated
them into the network planning system.”
The unit's focus in the short- and medium-term is unlocking
what the Challenges to Growth study found was unused
capacity amounting to an average 30 per cent at typical peak
hour traffic levels. “New runways are extremely rare because of
environmental and political difficulties,” Wilson says. “So our
short-term job is to help airports unlock this latent capacity, to
be able to use their runways to the maximum extent.”
“Our short-term job is
to help airports unlock
latent capacity, to be
able to use their
runways to the
maximum extent”
D Reducing congestion will also help environmentally by
reducing noise and emissions from aircraft queuing to takeoff.
Another aspect of the unit's work is helping airports
operate more efficiently through techniques such as
collaborative decision making (CDM).
Unlocking the latent capacity demands a partnership
approach, Wilson says: “No single entity can do it on their
own. Any success has to be a joint venture by the airport
operator, airlines, ground handlers and ATC.”
CDM is one of the main tools to achieve this: “The essence
of CDM is to share high-quality, highly accurate information
among them all, so the right person gets the right
information at the right time. Accurate information improves
the quality of decisions incredibly, and it really allows you to
use the resources you have to the maximum.”
The investment required in CDM is relatively modest – less
than E100,000 at smaller airports and around E200,000 at
bigger ones. Yet trials at several airports, among them
Barcelona, Brussels, London Heathrow and Stockholm Arlanda,
have demonstrated a return of 1:60 in the first year and 1:80
in the second and subsequent years.
Implementation at individual airports is only the first step. A
new Framework programme currently under development in
EUROCONTROL, the dynamic management of European
airspace (DMEAN), envisages what will effectively be a
network of CDM-enabled airports. “Essentially it's a very
flexible use of European airspace,” Wilson says. “Re-routing
© Flughafen München GmbH
ATM AND AIRPORTS: CHALLENGES FOR EUROPE
88
The Serbia and Montenegro Air Traffic Services
Agency (SMATSA) is modernising with the
assistance of the European Commission and
EUROCONTROL as part of the Community
Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and
Stabilisation (CARDS) programme.
After having changed its status on 29 December
2003, SMATSA now operates as a limited liability
company. It is taking part in the ASATC Phase II
programme as the ANS provider of one of the five
CARDS participating countries. According to its
Director General, Nikola Stankov, this programme
has provided numerous benefits to the Agency.
The national assessment that EUROCONTROL
carried out provided CARDS countries with official
documents describing the level of their ATM
services. This means that Civil Aviation Authorities
(CAAs) and ANSPs in the region have the
opportunity to modernise in an efficient and coordinated
　
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