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European ATM system will remain limited by a level of airport
capacity because is not permitted to expand effectively.
Sustainable traffic expansion at airports will require coordinated
effort from all sectors of the industry, and the
agency best positioned to lead the strategic campaign in this
direction is EUROCONTROL, because it naturally interfaces
with all the stakeholders. Its Airport Operations Programme
(APR) – the name for a multi-faceted strategy aimed at
improving the efficiency of airports so they make the best
possible use of existing resources as well as future ones – is
well under way. The APR is specifically designed to improve
capacity safely, and the central tool for achieving this, explains
EUROCONTROL’s Airports Chief, Paul Wilson, is known as
collaborative decision making (CDM). This system involves
tactical information sharing by all the parties to airport
operations – the airports themselves, all the service providers,
the airlines, and finally air traffic management (ATM) on the
surface and in the air. CDM is intended to improve second-bysecond
information sharing to the point where it begins to
perform the function of an organisational nervous system,
enabling airports to function organically, making the best use
of time, space and resources.
Melrose fully acknowledges that CDM’s objective of
producing greater efficiency – including less fuel usage and
noise per movement on the ground – has a desirable sideeffect
on sustainability. But it does not go far enough in
environmental terms, he points out. Under the general
MEETING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE
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heading of a programme dubbed Environmentally Sustainable
Airport Operations (ESAO), Melrose is masterminding a
EUROCONTROL tactical action system, which also depends on
collaborative action from all industry sectors. Called
Collaborative Environmental Management (CEM), Melrose
describes it simply as “planning what you are going to do and
then prove that you are doing it”. At the centre of CEM is – or
soon will be – a guidance resource for all the players to help
them construct their own sustainable operations plan that will
dovetail into the whole ESAO system. EUROCONTROL is well
aware, says Melrose, that individual situations for airports and
operators are all different because the local political priorities
vary so widely, influenced by a multitude of considerations – of
which just one example would be the location of the airport
relative to the urban area it serves. The ‘delivery system’ for
the guidance resource will be a website called SOPHOS.
The essential characteristic of SOPHOS is that it recognises
the need of the air transport industry to work together if
any aircraft related mitigation improvement is to be
successful. It emphasises the need to be realistic and not,
Melrose insists, “to raise local people’s hopes beyond what
the system can deliver.” But if, for example, the local lobby
clamours for a change in arrival and departure patterns, or
for the use of specific runways to reduce the number of
people within the noise footprint, SOPHOS would identify
any need to make sure they are aware that this may add to
the amount of fuel burned, increasing emissions and
degrading local air quality. This is the reason why SOPHOS is
being drawn up; to work as a tool with which local best
practice can be worked out for the first time located in a
central pan-stakeholder and pan-European resource.
This work is in its early stages as yet, but moving fast.
Sponsored by several EUROCONTROL divisions, active trials of
environmentally friendly operational procedures like continuous
descent approaches (CDA) are in progress at Manchester
airport, Stockholm Arlanda airport and Bucharest Henri Coanda
airport. Melrose emphasises, however, that almost every
programme in which EUROCONTROL is now involved can affect
or be affected by environmental issues, because although the
emissions issue – like the noise problem – is at its most
sensitive near airports, global warming emissions do not stop
when aircraft are above, say, 8,000ft. For that reason, Melrose
explains, his working relationships within EUROCONTROL have
become “more horizontal” – it is necessary for all ATM sectors
to include sustainability in their efficiency improvement plans.
Fortunately, the two objectives are usually, if not always,
compatible. He goes on, “historically, really significant
environmental improvements have already been achieved by
　
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