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hypoxia that are beyond the scope and need for discussion
in a PPC manual, but the results from oxygen
deficiency are the impairment of the functions of the
brain and other organs. Symptoms include headache,
drowsiness, dizziness, euphoria, and blue fingernails
and lips.
The most likely cause for a PPC pilot to experience
symptoms of hypoxia would be flying too high. Unless
you are a private pilot with a powered parachute
rating, you need to stay below 10,000 feet where you
will have less chance of experiencing hypoxia in a
PPC. However, if you are acclimated to sea level conditions
and climb above 8,000 feet, you may feel the
effects of hypoxia. The longer you stay at altitude,
the greater the effects of hypoxia will be. In addition,
recent consumption of alcohol, smoking, and some
medications will render a pilot more susceptible to
disorientation and hypoxia. If you question your condition
and consider hypoxia to be a potential problem,
you should fly at lower altitudes and/or use supplemental
oxygen.
Motion Sickness
Motion sickness, or airsickness, is caused by the brain
receiving conflicting messages about the orientation
of the body. The inner ear—specifically the vestibular
system—is reporting one spatial orientation, and the
eyes are communicating a different scenario. This not
only causes confusion in your thinking, it may possibly
create vertigo or spatial disorientation. It often
causes vomiting and a debilitating feeling. Vomiting
1-8
is due to a nerve that is connected from the brain to the
stomach. When confusion or disagreement occurs between
the eyes and the orientating vestibular system,
vomiting may erupt.
When symptoms of motion sickness begin, get back
on the ground. In the meantime, avoid unnecessary
head movements and keep your eyes on the horizon.
As the pilot, you should note if the passenger, who
had been talking throughout the flight, gets quiet. You
should ask “how are you doing” because getting quiet
is sometimes a precursor to feelings of nausea. Inform
passengers while still on the ground to let you know
if their stomach begins to feel “uneasy.”
Motion sickness can be the result of continued flight
stimulation, such as rapid or unexpected turns and
swinging through the PPC pendulum. As the pilot, you
will find a reduced rate of upset stomachs if you let the
passenger know, ahead of time, the flight maneuver
you are about to make and avoid abrupt maneuvers.
For new students, anxiety and stress may greatly contribute
to motion sickness. However, after a few lessons
and some time in the air from the front seat, these
feelings/symptoms will usually dissipate.
Medication like Dramamine can be used to prevent
motion sickness/nausea in passengers, but since it
can cause drowsiness, it is not recommended for the
pilot.
Scuba Diving
Taking a flight, especially a high flight, after a deep
scuba dive can have some devastating results. This is
because the increased pressure of the water during a
dive causes nitrogen to be absorbed into the body tissues
and bloodstream. Then, when flying at altitudes
of reduced atmospheric pressure, the nitrogen will
move out of the bloodstream and tissues at a rapid
rate. This rapid out-gassing of nitrogen is called the
bends (as it is felt in the joints—the bending joints of
the limbs) and is painful and incapacitating.
A pilot or passenger who intends to fly after scuba
diving should allow the body sufficient time to rid itself
of excess nitrogen that was absorbed during the
dive. If the appropriate amount of time is not allowed,
decompression sickness due to gases released in the
blood can result in a serious in-flight emergency.
As an absolute standard safety measure, any pilot flying
near a large body of water should ask the passenger
during the preflight if he or she has recently been
scuba diving.
Dives Not Req. Dives Requiring
Controlled Ascent Controlled Ascent
Flights up to A minimum A minimum
8,000 feet MSL of 12 hrs. of 24 hrs.
Flights above A minimum A minimum
8,000 feet MSL of 24 hrs. of 24 hrs.
The following waiting times are recommended:
Spatial Disorientation
Spatial disorientation is not normally associated with
slow and low (non-aerobatic) powered parachute
flights. However, it is important to know that spatial
disorientation is a condition of the body’s confusion
relative to the spatial position. This commonly results
from the eyes disagreeing with the sense of balance
(the vestibular system of the inner ear) which may
　
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