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the PPC cart.
KITING—Taxiing the PPC on the ground with the
wing inflated and overhead.
KNOWLEDGE EXAM—See FAA KNOWLEDGE
EXAM.
LATERAL AXIS—An imaginary line passing
through the center of gravity of a PPC and extending
across the PPC from one side of the aircraft to
the other side.
LEADING EDGE—The part of an airfoil that meets
the airflow first.
LIFT—One of the four main forces acting on an
aircraft. On a powered parachute, an upward force
created by the effect of airflow as it passes over
and under the wing.
LIGHT-SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA)—An aircraft
that meets the requirements defined in 14 CFR
1.1, regardless of airworthiness certification.
Line-Overs—
A dangerous situation when the
suspension line goes over the top of the wing
instead of going straight from the wing to the riser
system. This condition will prevent proper inflation
of the wing.
Line Twists—When the PPC suspension lines on
both sides of the wing are spiraled together. Flying
with a line twist is unsafe; the wing is unairworthy
until it is corrected.
LOC—A preflight check: L – Lines Free, O – Cells
Open, C – Wing Centered.
LOGBOOK—A record of activities: flight, instruction,
inspection and maintenance. Reference 14
CFR 43, 14 CFR 61.51, and 14 CFR 91.417.
LONGITUDINAL AXIS—An imaginary line
through an aircraft from nose to tail, passing
through its center of gravity. The longitudinal axis
is also called the roll axis of the aircraft.
LSA—See LIGHT-SPORT AIRCRAFT.
MAC—See MEAN AERODYNAMIC CHORD.
MAGNETO—A self-contained engine-driven unit
that supplies electrical current to the spark plugs.
MAKE/MODEL—Refers to the manufacturer and
model of a specific aircraft.
MANEUVERING ALTITUDE—An altitude above
the ground that allows a sufficient margin of
height to permit safe maneuvering.
MAXIMUM GROSS WEIGHT—The maximum authorized
weight of the aircraft and all of its equipment
as specified in the TCDS for the aircraft.
MEAN AERODYNAMIC CHORD (MAC)—The
average distance from the leading edge to the trailing
edge of the wing.
MECHANICAL TURBULENCE—Type of turbulence
caused by obstructions on the ground
interfering with smooth flow of the wind. Trees,
buildings and terrain can all cause mechanical
turbulence.
MEDICAL CERTIFICATE—Acceptable evidence
of physical fitness on a form prescribed by the
Administrator.
MEDIUM-BANKED TURN—Turn resulting from
a degree of bank (approximately 20 to 45 degrees)
at which the PPC remains at a constant bank.
MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTR)—Special
routes developed to allow the military to conduct
low-altitude, high speed training.
MILITARY OPERATIONS AREA (MOA)—Airspace
of defined vertical and lateral limits established
for the purpose of separating certain
military training activity from IFR traffic.
MINDSET—A factor in aeronautical decision
making where decision making is influenced by
preconceived ideas about the outcome of events.
For example, an expectation of improving weather
conditions can lead to increased risk during a
flight.
MOA—See Military operations Area.
MODE C TRANSPONDER—A receiver/transmitter
which will generate a radar reply signal upon
proper interrogation; the interrogation and reply
being on different frequencies. Mode C means the
reply signal includes altitude information.
MOMENT— A force that causes or tries to cause
an object to rotate. The product of the weight
of an item multiplied by its arm. Moments are
expressed in pound-inches (lb-in). Total moment
is the weight of the PPC multiplied by the distance
between the datum and the CG.
NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION—Whenever
one body exerts a force on another, the secG-
7
ond body always exerts on the first, a force that is
equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
NONTOWERED AIRPORTS—An airport without
an operating control tower.
NOTAM (NOTICE TO AIRMEN)—A notice containing
information concerning facilities, services,
or procedures, the timely knowledge of which is
essential to personnel concerned with flight operations.
OPERATING LIMITATIONS—Limitations published
by aircraft manufacturers to define limitations
on maneuvers, flight load factors, speeds and
other limits. Presented in the aircraft in the form
of placards and printed in the limitations section
　
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