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Figure C-5. The IACRA website.Aircraft Checkouts/Transitions
Certificated pilots depend on flight instructors for aircraft checkouts and transition training including high performance airplanes, tail wheel airplanes, motor gliders, and aircraft capable of flight at high altitudes. The flight instructor who checks out and certifies the competency of a pilot in an aircraft for which a type rating is not required by regulations is accepting a major responsibility for the safety of future passengers. Many newer light airplanes are comparable in performance and complexity to transport airplanes. For these, the flight instructor’s checkout should be at least as thorough as an official type rating practical test. Other considerations include:
• AC 61-98 provides a list of requirements for transitioning to other makes and models of aircraft along with a sample training plan. AC 61-98 also lists other publications that can be helpful in conducting checkouts. All checkouts should be conducted to the performance standards required by the appropriate PTS for the pilot certificate.
• For motor glider transition training, refer to AC 61-94, Pilot Transition Course for Self Launching or Powered Sailplanes (Motorgliders). Flight instructors should ensure that they meet the recommendation experience cited in the AC 61-94 to conduct this special qualification.
For the conduct of an aircraft checkout, it is essential the flight instructor is fully qualified in the aircraft used and thoroughly familiar with its operating procedures, AFM, and operating limitations. An instructor who does not meet the recent flight experience prescribed by regulations for the aircraft concerned should not attempt to check out another pilot.
The flight instructor should utilize a plan of action and a written training syllabus based on the appropriate PTS, and record in the pilot’s logbook the exact extent of any checkout conducted. This record serves a twofold purpose: it benefits the pilot concerned and it protects the flight instructor if questions arise later. In the event the instructor finds a pilot’s performance to be insufficient to allow sign-off, the pilot should be thoroughly debriefed on all problem areas and further instruction scheduled. In some cases, a referral to another instructor may be appropriate.Pilot Proficiency
Professional flight instructors maintain knowledge and skill as instructors and as pilots. The flight instructor is at the leading edge of the aviation industry’s efforts to improve aviation safety through additional training. The FAA encourages instructor pilot proficiency in two ways:
• By requiring a flight instructor to renew his or her certificate every 24 months
• Via the Pilot Proficiency Award Program (described in AC 61-91)
Endorsements Application for Airman Certification and/or Rating
In order to improve the application process, the FAA is moving from a paper-based method of application to an Internet method. Although the application forms for pilots and mechanics are available for download at www.faa.gov/library/forms/, the FAA encourages aviation instructors to become familiar with the Internet method described below. Integrated Airman Certification and/or Rating Application (IACRA)
In the fall of 2003, the FAA released the Integrated Airman Certification and/or Rating Application, an Internet-based database program providing a fully electronic method of applying for an airman certificate or rating located at http://acra.faa.gov/iacra/. It electronically captures and validates airman information required to complete the airman application. IACRA can be accessed from any location with Internet connectivity. [Figure C-5]
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IACRA interfaces with multiple FAA national databases to validate data and verify specific fields. IACRA automatically ensures applicants meet regulatory and policy requirements through business rules and data validation. It implements use of digital signatures throughout the certification process. IACRA automatically forwards the 8710 application and test results to the Airman Registry.
IACRA replaces the Airmen Certification and/or Rating Application CD, (ACRA), a stand-alone computer-based PC program that was the FAA’s first effort to automate the application process. With new “paths” of application added weekly, the IACRA program team continues to develop IACRA’s capability. Currently, the program can process virtually all pilot applications from sport pilot through airline transport pilot (ATP) type ratings, certificated flight instructors, mechanics, and most repairmen.
If the applicant chooses to complete the Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application utilizing IACRA, the instructor should ensure the applicant is prepared for the test and has met all the regulatory requirements, including knowledge, proficiency, required endorsements, and experience requirements. Suggest the applicant visit the IACRA site, review the frequently asked questions, and read the document “Getting Started Desktop Instructions” before completing an application. Stress the importance of the applicant having all pertinent information readily available before logging in. If the applicant has all necessary information available, the process should not take over ten minutes.
　
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