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Certificated pilots depend on flight instructors for aircraft checkouts and transition training including high performance airplanes, tail wheel airplanes, motor gliders, and aircraft capable of flight at high altitudes. The flight instructor who checks out and certifies the competency of a pilot in an aircraft for which a type rating is not required by regulations is accepting a major responsibility for the safety of future passengers. Many newer light airplanes are comparable in performance and complexity to transport airplanes. For these, the flight instructor’s checkout should be at least as thorough as an official type rating practical test. Other considerations include:
• AC 61-98 provides a list of requirements for transitioning to other makes and models of aircraft along with a sample training plan. AC 61-98 also lists other publications that can be helpful in conducting checkouts. All checkouts should be conducted to the performance standards required by the appropriate PTS for the pilot certificate.
• For motor glider transition training, refer to AC 61-94, Pilot Transition Course for Self Launching or Powered Sailplanes (Motorgliders). Flight instructors should ensure that they meet the recommendation experience cited in the AC 61-94 to conduct this special qualification.
E-4
Figure E-3. An example of an instructor’s logbook endorsement for a pilot who has completed a phase of training according to requirements of the Pilot Proficiency Award Program.
NR
T/ONRNST.APP.I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate)(certificate number) has satisfactorily completed Phase No. of a WINGS program on (date). S.S [date] J.J. Jones 987654321 CFI Exp. 12-31-2007REMARKS AND ENDORSEMENTS
For the conduct of an aircraft checkout, it is essential the flight instructor is fully qualified in the aircraft used and thoroughly familiar with its operating procedures, AFM, and operating limitations. An instructor who does not meet the recent flight experience prescribed by regulations for the aircraft concerned should not attempt to check out another pilot.
The flight instructor should utilize a plan of action and a written training syllabus based on the appropriate PTS, and record in the pilot’s logbook the exact extent of any checkout conducted. This record serves a twofold purpose: it benefits the pilot concerned and it protects the flight instructor if questions arise later. In the event the instructor finds a pilot’s performance to be insufficient to allow sign-off, the pilot should be thoroughly debriefed on all problem areas and further instruction scheduled. In some cases, a referral to another instructor may be appropriate.Pilot Proficiency
Professional flight instructors maintain knowledge and skill as instructors and as pilots. The flight instructor is at the leading edge of the aviation industry’s efforts to improve aviation safety through additional training. The FAA encourages instructor pilot proficiency in two ways:
• By requiring a flight instructor to have a flight review within the past 24 months
• Via the Pilot Proficiency Award Program (described in AC 61-91)
The objective of the program is to provide pilots with the opportunity to establish and participate in a personal recurrent training program. It is open to all pilots holding a recreational pilot certificate or higher and a current medical certificate when required. Pilots of qualified ultra-light vehicles are also eligible. For airplanes, the program requires 3 hours of flight training, which includes 1 hour directed toward basic airplane control and mastery of the airplane; 1 hour devoted to patterns, approaches, and landings; and 1 hour of instrument training either in an airplane, approved flight training device, or flight simulator. The program also requires attending at least one sanctioned aviation safety seminar or industry-conducted recurrent training program. AC 61-91 contains requirements for other categories/classes of aircraft, as well as additional detailed requirements for all aircraft.
Incentives to participate include distinctive pins and certificates of completion for Phases I through X. A certificate is awarded for each of Phases XI through XX. Work toward another phase can begin as soon as one phase is completed, but 12 months must pass between completion of one phase and application for the award of the next phase. Another incentive to participate is that the completion of a phase substitutes for the flight review and restarts the 24-month clock.
For flight instructors participating in the program, instruction that leads to phase completion for three pilots (9 hours of instruction) and attendance at a safety seminar or clinic earns the flight instructor Phases I through III. Phases IV through XX are each earned by completion of an evaluation or proficiency flight with a DPE or FAA inspector and attendance at a safety seminar or clinic.
Flight instructors can improve their own proficiency and that of their PTs and other pilots by participating and encouraging participation in the Pilot Proficiency Award Program. When an instructor has conducted the appropriate training toward the completion of a phase, a logbook endorsement is required. [Figure E-3]
　
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