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a) Enunciate each word clearly and distinctly;
b) Maintain an even rate of speech not exceeding 100 words per minute. When a message is transmitted to an aircraft and its contents need to be recorded the speaking rate should be at a slower rate to allow for the writing process. A slight pause preceding and following numerals makes them easier to understand;
c) Maintain the speaking volume at a constant level; d) Be familiar with the microphone operating techniques particularly in relation to the maintenance of a constant distance from the microphone if a modulator with a constant level is not used; e) Suspend speech temporarily if it becomes necessary to turn the head away from the microphone.

Appendix C. Guidelines for Local Runway Safety Teams

 

Introduction
Recommendation 4.1.1 states that at individual aerodromes, as designated by the National Aviation Safety Authorities, a Runway Safety Team should be established to lead action on local runway safety issues. The establishment of the Local Runway Safety Teams, which may comprise of representatives from Aircraft Operators, Pilot Associations, ANSPs, Air Traffic Con-troller Associations, the Aerodrome Operator and Ground Handling Associations, is intended to facilitate effective local implementa-tion of the recommendations. This appendix provides guidance on the role of that team.
At a number of aerodromes within Europe, Local Runway Safety Teams have already been established. Experience has demonstrated that these teams have been very effective at helping to minimise the risk of runway incursions at individual aerodromes, where local issues such as taxiway layout, runway configuration and mixture of Aircraft Operators can be taken into account.

Composition
The team should consist of representatives from the three main groups associated with manoeuvring area operations. The Aerodrome Management (which would include a vehicle driver representative), Air Traffic Controller representation from the Air Navigation Service Provider / local ATCO Associations and Pilot representation from Aircraft Operators / local Pilot Associations that operate at the Aerodrome. The experience to date has demonstrated that this triangular approach is very effective in dealing, in a co-ordinated fashion, with local runway safety issues.

Role
The role of the Local Runway Safety Team should be to advise the appropriate Management on potential runway safety issues and to recommend mitigating measures.

Tasks
A number of the recommendations contained in the Action Plan can be dealt with by the Local Runway Safety Team. One such task is the identification of potential runway safety issues. It is essential to ask the question 'What' can go wrong 'Where' and 'Why'. In order to provide sensible answers it is necessary to take into account runway and taxiway layout, traffic intensity and mix, visual and non-visual aids such as markings, lights, signs, radar, taxiway designations, ATS procedures, AIP information etc. It is also necessary to take into account lessons learned from incidents and accidents related to runway safety issues from other aerodromes, as well as one’s own.
　
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本文鏈接地址：European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions(16)