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42.1.2 The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for and is the final authority as to the safe operation of that aircraft. In an emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule in the General, Subpart A, and Flight Rules, Subpart B, in accordance with 14 CFR Section 91.3.
42.1.3 The air traffic controller is responsible to give first priority to the separation of aircraft and to the issuance of radar safety alerts; second priority to other services that are required, but do not involve separation of aircraft; and third priority to additional services to the extent possible.
42.1.4 In order to maintain a safe and efficient air traffic system, it is necessary that every party fulfill their responsibilities to the fullest.

42.1.5 The responsibilities of the pilot and the controller intentionally overlap in many areas providing a degree of redundancy. Should one or the other fail in any manner, this overlapping responsibil-ity is expected to compensate, in many cases, for failures that may affect safety.
42.1.6 The following, while not intended to be all inclusive, is a brief listing of pilot and controller responsibilities for some commonly used procedures or phases of flight. More detailed explanations are contained in the appropriate Federal Aviation Regulations, Advisory Circulars, and similar publi-cations. The information provided here is an overview of the principles involved and is not meant as an interpretation of the rules nor is it intended to extend or diminish responsibilities.
42.2 Air Traffic Clearance
42.2.1 Pilot
42.2.1.1 Acknowledges receipt and understanding of an ATC clearance.
42.2.1.2 Reads back any hold short of runway instructions issued by ATC.
42.2.1.3 Requests clarification or amendment, as appropriate, any time a clearance is not fully understood, or considered unacceptable from a safety standpoint.
42.2.1.4 Promptly complies with an air traffic clearance upon receipt, except as necessary to cope with an emergency. Advises ATC as soon as possible and obtains an amended clearance if deviation is necessary.
NOTE.
A clearance to land means that appropriate separation on the landing runway will be ensured. A landing clearance does not relieve the pilot from compliance with any previously issued altitude crossing restriction.
42.2.2 Controller
42.2.2.1 Issues appropriate clearances for the operation being, or to be, conducted in accordance with established criteria.
42.2.2.2 Assigns altitudes in IFR clearances that are at or above the minimum IFR altitudes in Classes A, B, C, D, and E airspace.
42.2.2.3 Ensures acknowledgements by the pilot for issued information, clearance, or instructions.
42.2.2.4 Ensures that readbacks by the pilot of altitude, heading, or other items are correct. If incorrect, distorted, or incomplete, makes corrections as appropriate.
42.3 Contact Approach
42.3.1 Pilot
42.3.1.1 This approach must be requested by the pilot and is made in lieu of a standard or special instrument approach.
42.3.1.2 By requesting the contact approach, the pilot indicates that the flight is operating clear of clouds, has at least 1 mile flight visibility, and can reasonably expect to continue to the destination airport in those conditions.
42.3.1.3 Be aware that while conducting a contact approach, the pilot assumes responsibility for obstruction clearance.
42.3.1.4 Advises ATC immediately if you are unable to continue the contact approach or if you encounter less than 1 mile flight visibility.
42.3.1.5 Be aware that, if radar service is being received, it may automatically terminate when the pilot is told to contact the tower. “Radar service terminated” is used by ATC to inform a pilot that he/she will no longer be provided any of the services that could be received while in radar contact.
REFERENCE.
The Pilot/Controller Glossary is published in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and FAA Orders 7110.10, Flight Services, and 7110.65, Air Traffic Control.
42.3.2 Controller
42.3.2.1 Issues clearance for contact approach only when requested by the pilot. Does not solicit the use of this procedure.
42.3.2.2 Before issuing clearance, ascertains that reported ground visibility at destination airport is at least 1 mile.
42.3.2.3 Provides approved separation between aircraft cleared for contact approach and other IFR or special VFR aircraft. When using vertical separation, does not assign a fixed altitude but clears the aircraft at or below an altitude which is at least 1,000 feet below any IFR traffic but not below minimum safe altitudes prescribed in 14 CFR Section 91.119.

Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
42.3.2.4 Issues alternative instructions if, in the controller’s judgment, weather conditions may make completion of the approach impractical.
42.4 Instrument Approach
　
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