37.7.6.4 Pilots shall ensure that their aircraft transponder is operating on an appropriate ATC assigned VFR/IFR code and Mode C when operating in such airspace. If in doubt about the operational status of either feature of your transponder while airborne, contact the nearest ATC facility or FSS and they will advise you what facility you should contact for determining the status of your equipment.
37.7.6.5 Inflight requests for “immediate” deviation from the transponder requirements may be approved by controllers only when the flight will continue IFR or when weather conditions prevent VFR descent and continued VFR flight in airspace not affected by the CFR. All other requests for deviation should be made by contacting the nearest FSS or air traffic facility in person or by telephone. The nearest ARTCC will normally be the controlling agency and is responsible for coordinating requests involving deviations in other ARTCC’s areas.
37.7.7 Transponder Operation Under Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
37.7.7.1 Unless otherwise instructed by an ATC Facility, adjust transponder to reply on Mode 3/A Code 1200 regardless of altitude.
37.7.7.2 Adjust transponder to reply on Mode C, with altitude reporting capability activated if the aircraft is so equipped, unless deactivation is directed by ATC or unless the installed equipment has not been tested and calibrated as required by 14 CFR Section 91.217. If deactivation is required and your transponder is so designed, turn off the altitude reporting switch and continue to transmit Mode C framing pulses. If this capability does not exist, turn off Mode C.
37.7.8 Radar Beacon Phraseology
37.7.8.1 Air traffic controllers, both civil and military, will use the following phraseology when referring to operation of the ATCRBS. Instructions by ATC refer only to Mode A/3 or Mode C operations and do not affect the operation of the transponder on other modes.
a) SQUAWK (number). Operate radar beacon transponder on designated code in Mode A/3.
b) IDENT. Engage the “IDENT” feature (mili-tary I/P) of the transponder.
c) SQUAWK (number) AND IDENT. Operate transponder on specified code in Mode A/3 and engage the “IDENT” (military I/P) feature.
d) SQUAWK STANDBY. Switch transponder to standby position.
e) SQUAWK LOW/NORMAL. Operate trans-ponder on low or normal sensitivity as specified. Transponder is operated in “NORMAL” position unless ATC specified “LOW.” (“ON” is used instead of “NORMAL” as a master control label on some types of transponders.)
f) SQUAWK ALTITUDE. Activate Mode C with automatic altitude reporting.
g) STOP ALTITUDE SQUAWK. Turn off altitude reporting switch and continue transmitting Mode C framing pulses. If your equipment does not have this capability, turn off Mode C.
h) STOP SQUAWK (mode in use). Switch off specified mode. (Use for military aircraft when the controller is unaware if a military service requires the aircraft to continue operating on another mode.)
i) STOP SQUAWK. Switch off transponder.
j) SQUAWK MAYDAY. Operate transponder in the emergency position. (Mode A Code 7700 for civil transponder. Mode 3 Code 7700 and emergency feature for military transponder.)
k) SQUAWK VFR. Operate radar beacon trans-ponder on code 1200 in the MODE A/3, or other appropriate VFR code.
37.8 Emergency Operation
37.8.1 When an emergency occurs, the pilot of an aircraft equipped with a coded radar beacon transponder who desires to alert a ground radar facility to an emergency condition and who cannot establish communications without delay with an ATC facility may adjust the transponder to reply on Mode A/3, Code 7700.
37.8.2 Pilots should understand that they may not be within a radar coverage area and that, even if they are, certain radar facilities are not yet equipped to automatically recognize Code 7700 as an emergency signal. Therefore, they should establish radio communications with an ATC facility as soon as possible.
37.9 Radio Failure Operation
Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
37.9.1 Should the pilot of an aircraft equipped with a coded radar beacon transponder experience a loss of two.way radio capability the pilot should:
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