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temperature).
Airspeed Indicator—An instrument that displays the indicated airspeed of the aircraft derived from
inputs of pitot and static pressures.
Air Temperature:
Basic Air Temperature (BAT)—Indicated air temperature corrected for the instrument error.
Corrected Mean Temperature (CMT)—The average between the target temperature and the true
air temperature at flight level.
Indicated Air Temperature (IAT)—The uncorrected reading from the free air temperature gauge.
True Air Temperature (TAT)—Basic air temperature corrected for the heat of compression error.
Also known as outside air temperature.
Airway—A control area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor marked with radio
navigational aids.
Alter course (A/C)—A change in course to a destination or a turn point.
Alter heading (A/H)—The change in heading to make good the intended course.
Altimeter—A flight instrument that indicates the altitude above a given reference point.
Absolute altimeter—The absolute or radar altimeter indicates the altitude above terrain, land, or
water directly below the aircraft.
374 AFPAM11-216 1 MARCH 2001
Barometric altimeter—An instrument that displays the height of the aircraft above a specified
pressure datum. The datum may be varied by setting the specified pressure on a subscale on the
instrument.
Barometric altimeter reversionary—An altimeter in which the indication is normally derived
electrically from an external source (central air data computer or altitude, computer) but which, in
case of failure or by manual selection, can revert to a pneumatic drive.
Cabin pressure altimeter—An instrument that measures the pressure within an aircraft cabin and
gives an indication in terms of height according to the chosen standard atmosphere.
Pressure altimeter—An instrument that measures and displays vertical distance above a selected
pressure datum based on a standard atmosphere.
Radar and or radio altimeter—An instrument that displays the absolute altitude, or vertical
distance between the aircraft and the surface directly below the aircraft.
Altimeter setting—The pressure datum in millibars or inches of mercury set on the altimeter subscale.
Altitude—The vertical distance of a level, a point, or an object considered as a point, measured from
mean sea level.
Absolute altitude—The height of an aircraft directly above the surface or terrain over which it is
flying.
Calibrated altitude—Indicated altitude corrected for instrument and installation errors.
Density altitude—Pressure altitude corrected for temperature. Pressure and density altitudes are the
same when conditions are standard. As the temperature rises above standard, the density of the air
decreases, hence an increase in density altitude.
Indicated altitude—Altitude displayed on the altimeter.
Pressure altitude—The altitude above the standard datum plane. The standard datum plane is where
the air pressure is 29.92 inches of mercury (corrected to plus 15°C).
True altitude—The actual height above mean sea level.
Altitude, celestial—The angular distance of a celestial body above or below the horizon, measured
along the great circle passing through the body and the zenith. altitude is 90° minus zenith distance.
Computed Altitude (Hc)—Celestial altitude of a body calculated mathematically for a given
position on the earth at a given time. Also called calculated altitude.
Observed Altitude (Ho)—The sextant altitude corrected for sextant and observation errors.
AFPAM11-216 1 MARCH 2001 375
Sextant Altitude (Hs)—A celestial altitude measured with a sextant. The angle measured in a
vertical plane between an artificial or sea horizon and a celestial body, without application of any
corrections.
Altitude Delay—Synchronization delay introduced between the time of transmission of the radar pulse
and the start of the trace on the indicator for the purpose of eliminating the altitude hole on the plan
position indicator-type display.
Altitude Hole—The blank area at the center of a radar display, the center of the periphery of which
represents the point on the ground immediately below the aircraft.
Aries, First Point of—The point of intersection of the ecliptic and the celestial equator (equinoctial)
when the sun is moving from south to north declination. Also called vernal equinox.
Assumed Position—The geographic position upon which a celestial solution is based.
Astronomical Triangle—A triangle on the celestial sphere bounded by the observer's celestial
meridian, the vertical circle, and the hour circle through the body, and having as its vertices the elevated
　
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