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can be silenced…
I looked for the traffic… Sure enough, there was a
single-engine high wing aircraft in a left climbing turn.
I called out “traffic in sight” about the same time the
TCAS started calling, “Climb, Climb!” The pilot flying
followed the TCAS guidance and we narrowly missed
this aircraft. Somewhere in this sequence the landing
gear alert ended… I changed to Tower and the rest of the
approach and landing was normal.
As I replay these events, a couple of things bother me… I
communicated to the pilot flying that I had the aircraft
in sight. He could have interpreted this to mean there’s
no immediate conflict… Had he not followed the TCAS
guidance, I think we would have hit the other aircraft.
If I had to do it over again, I would do the following:
✈ If switching flight directors didn’t cancel the
landing gear alert, I would have slowed and put the
gear down.
✈ Give the pilot flying an action command before
announcing I had the traffic in sight (i.e., “Follow
the TCAS” then “Traffic in sight”). Hopefully this
would eliminate the possibility of
miscommunication.
A Monthly Safety Bulletin
from
The Office of the NASA
Aviation Safety Reporting
System,
P.O. Box 189,
Moffett Field, CA
94035-0189
http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/
ASRS Recently Issued Alerts On…
A-319 emergency slide event
BE-55 partial gear extension failure
Recurring false GPWS and EPWS terrain alerts
Incidents of runway obstruction by seagoing vessels
Recurring A-319/A-320 brake flange access problems
April 2002 Report Intake
Air Carrier / Air Taxi Pilots 2261
General Aviation Pilots 880
Controllers 54
Cabin/Mechanics/Military/Other 140
TOTAL 3335
Number 274 June 2002
Gotta Refuel? Follow the Rules
An incident reported to ASRS by an air carrier First
Officer describes what can happen when fuel load and
balance problems are not detected before
takeoff.

Flight was preparing to depart. Gave fueler
the fuel load of 1,400 pounds a side, or 2,800
pounds total. Aircraft had 700 pounds a side
prior to fueling. Fuel was received and
confirmed by ‘before start checklist’ as 1,400
pounds a side as requested. Walkaround after
fueling verified that there were no fuel leaks or
abnormalities, and fuel service panel was shut properly.
Engine start was normal and we taxied for approximately
15 minutes to Runway 26L. I performed the takeoff and
noted a large right wing down tendency upon liftoff. When
scanning the instruments, I noted that all of the fuel from
the left wing had somehow transferred into the right wing
tank, resulting in a 2,500-2,600 pound imbalance. When we
realized this, we decided to return to the field asap. About 1
minute later, passing about 2,000 feet, the left engine
flamed out due to no fuel in the left tank. The fuel crossfeed
was not open, and there is no way to transfer fuel from
wing-to-wing by pilot action. We performed the engine
failure checklist and declared an emergency. We were
vectored for a visual approach to Runway 26R and landed
without incident…
Upon shutdown at the gate, maintenance personnel opened
the fueling panel and found several switches on the fueling
panel still on, including a defuel switch, which is never
supposed to be used in normal fueling and
should have been safety-wired closed.
Training manuals state these switches are to
be used by maintenance only and can cause
fuel to transfer from tank-to-tank if left open
with the electric boost pumps on.
Contributing cause was also a broken device
on the fuel door which contacts the switch covers,
closing the switch when the panel is closed to prevent the
switches from being left open.
No one knew why the defuel switch was open to begin with.
We were questioned as to whether the fuel imbalance existed
after fueling and we failed to notice it, but the Captain and
I were positive fuel was balanced after fueling. This was
later confirmed by a test fueling with the defuel switch
open, which resulted in proper fuel balance.
After the ‘before start checklist,’ there is no other checklist
prior to takeoff which calls for rechecking fuel quantity or
balance. The company is investigating the problem.
Many air carriers include ‘Fuel Balance/Crossfeed’ not
only on the Before-Start and Before-Takeoff checklists,
but also on the Climb, Cruise, and Descent checklists.
Plane Makes Hay, But Not Airport
　
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