Introduction
This book has been written to provide a simple and self-contained description of the working and underlying principles of the aero gas turbine engine. The use of complex formulae and the language of the specialist have been avoided to allow for a clear and concise presentation of the essential facts. Only such description and formulae, therefore, as are necessary to the understanding of the function and the theory of the engine are included. It will be noted that the emphasis in this book is on the turbo-jet engine and that no special part deals with the propeller-turbine engine. This is because the working principles of both engine types are essentially the same. However where differences in function or application do exist, these are described. The aero gas turbine is being continually developed to provide improved performance for each new generation of aircraft; the fourth edition of this book has been revised and expanded to include the latest aero gas engine technology.
Rolls-Royce RB183 Mk 555
On 1 April, 1943, Rolls-Royce assumed responsibility for the Power Jets W2B which, a month earlier, had made its first flight in the Gloster E28/39 at 1200lb thrust. Later known as the B23 Welland it was, during April, put through a 100 hr test at the design rating of 1600 Ib thrust. In June, 1943, it flew in a Gloster Meteor at 1400lb thrust. Production Welland-Meteors were in action against V-1 flying bombs in August 1944.
Rolls-Royce B23 Welland
1: Basic mechanics
Contents Page
Introduction 1
Principles of jet propulsion 2
噴氣推進原理
噴氣推進方式
3. 1930年弗蘭克 惠特爾取得了他的使用燃氣輪機產(chǎn)生推進噴氣的第一個專利。但11年后他的發(fā)動機才完成首次飛行。惠特爾的這種發(fā)動機形成了現(xiàn)代燃氣渦輪發(fā)動機的基礎(chǔ)，并且從它發(fā)展出羅爾斯－羅伊斯公司的“維蘭德”，“德溫特”，“尼恩”和“達特”發(fā)動機。“德溫特”和“尼恩”渦輪噴氣發(fā)動機獲得了世界性軍事應(yīng)用；“達特”渦輪螺槳發(fā)動機作為維克斯公司“子爵”飛機的動力裝置而聞名于世。雖然其它飛機可能裝用了后來的被稱為雙軸，三軸，內(nèi)外涵，涵道風(fēng)扇，無涵道風(fēng)扇和螺槳風(fēng)扇的發(fā)動機，但是，這些都是惠特爾的早期發(fā)動機的必然發(fā)展。
Methods of jet propulsion 3
1.燃氣渦輪發(fā)動機作為飛機的動力裝置發(fā)展神速，以致很難想象50年代以前還幾乎無人聽說過這種飛機推進方式。使用反作用噴氣的可能性令飛機設(shè)計師們向往已久，但在最初存在很多障礙，這是因為早期飛機的速度很低和活塞發(fā)動機不適合于產(chǎn)生 “噴氣式”所必需的大量高速氣流。
2.法國工程師雷因 洛蘭1913年獲得一項噴氣推進發(fā)動機（圖1-1）的專利。但這是一種沖壓式噴氣發(fā)動機（第11段），但是還無法制造或使用，因為那時還未研制出合適的耐熱材料。其次，噴氣推進在當(dāng)時飛機的低速度下效率會極差。然而，今天的現(xiàn)代化沖壓噴氣與洛蘭的構(gòu)想非常相似。
INTRODUCTION
1.
The development of the gas turbine engine as an aircraft power plant has been so rapid that it is difficult to appreciate that prior to the 1950s very few people had heard of this method of aircraft propulsion. The possibility of using a reaction jet had interested aircraft designers for a long time, but initially the low speeds of early aircraft and the unsuitably of a piston engine for producing the large high velocity airflow necessary for the ”jet‘ presented many obstacles.
2.
A French engineer, René Lorin, patented a jet propulsion engine (fig. 1-1) in 1913, but this was an athodyd (para. 11) and was at that period impossible to manufacture or use, since suitable heat resisting materials had not then been developed and, in the second place, jet propulsion would have been extremely inefficient at the low speeds of the aircraft of those days. However, today the modern ram jet is very similar to Lorin's conception.
“WWW”設(shè)置的“Marked”
3.
In 1930 Frank Whittle was granted his first patent for using a gas turbine to produce a propulsive jet,
燃燒室
but it was eleven years before his engine completed its first flight. The Whittle engine formed the basis of the modern gas turbine engine, and from it was developed the Rolls-Royce Welland, Derwent, Nene and Dart engines. The Derwent and Nene turbo-jet engines had world-wide military applications; the Dart turbo-propeller engine became world famous as the power plant for the Vickers Viscount aircraft. Although other aircraft may be fitted; with later engines termed twin-spool, triple-spool, by-pass, ducted fan, unducted fan and propfan, these are inevitable developments of Whittle's early engine.
推進噴管
噴氣推進原理
6.噴氣推進是伊薩克·牛頓（Isaac Newton）爵士的運動第三定律的實際應(yīng)用。該定律表述為，作用在一物體上的每
一個力都有一方向相反大小相等的反作用力。” 就飛機推進而言，“物體”是通過發(fā)動機時受到加速的大氣中的空氣。產(chǎn)生這一加速度所需的力有一大小相等方向相反的反作用力作用在產(chǎn)生這一加速度的裝置上。噴氣發(fā)動機用類似于發(fā)動機/螺旋槳組合的方式產(chǎn)生推力。二者均靠將大量氣體向后推（圖1-3）來推進飛機，一種是以比較低速的大量空氣滑流的形式，而另一種是以極高速的燃氣噴氣流形式。
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