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Soft-Field Takeoff .............................................20-5
Common Errors............................................20-5
Jump Takeoff ................................................20-5
Basic Flight Maneuvers.........................................20-6
Straight-and-Level Flight..................................20-6
Climbs...............................................................20-6
Descents ............................................................20-7
Turns .................................................................20-7
Slips..............................................................20-7
Skids .............................................................20-7
Common Errors During Basic
Flight Maneuvers ..............................................20-8
Steep Turns .......................................................20-8
Common Errors............................................20-8
Ground Reference Maneuvers...............................20-8
Rectangular Course...........................................20-8
S-Turns............................................................20-10
Turns Around a Point......................................20-11
Common Errors During
Ground Reference Maneuvers ........................20-11
Flight at Slow Airspeeds .....................................20-12
Common Errors ..............................................20-12
High Rate of Descent ..........................................20-12
Common Errors ..............................................20-13
Landings ..............................................................20-13
Normal Landing..............................................20-13
Short-Field Landing........................................20-13
Soft-Field Landing..........................................20-14
Crosswind Landing.........................................20-14
High-Altitude Landing....................................20-14
Common Errors During Landing....................20-15
Go-Around...........................................................20-15
Common Errors ..............................................20-15
After Landing and Securing ................................20-15
Chapter 21—Gyroplane Emergencies
Aborted Takeoff.....................................................21-1
Accelerate/Stop Distance..................................21-1
Lift-off at Low Airspeed and
High Angle of Attack ............................................21-1
Common Errors ................................................21-2
Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO) ............................21-2
Buntover (Power Pushover) ..................................21-3
Ground Resonance ................................................21-3
Emergency Approach and Landing.......................21-3
Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear............21-4
Chapter 22—Gyroplane Aeronautical Decision
Making
Impulsivity.............................................................22-1
Invulnerability .......................................................22-1
Macho....................................................................22-2
Resignation............................................................22-2
Anti-Authority .......................................................22-3
Glossary.................................................................G-1
Index........................................................................I-1
1-1
Helicopters come in many sizes and shapes, but most
share the same major components. These components
include a cabin where the payload and crew are carried;
an airframe, which houses the various components,
or where components are attached; a powerplant
or engine; and a transmission, which, among other
things, takes the power from the engine and transmits it
to the main rotor, which provides the aerodynamic
forces that make the helicopter fly. Then, to keep the
helicopter from turning due to torque, there must be
some type of antitorque system. Finally there is the
landing gear, which could be skids, wheels, skis, or
floats. This chapter is an introduction to these components.
[Figure 1-1]
THE MAIN ROTOR SYSTEM
The rotor system found on helicopters can consist of a
single main rotor or dual rotors. With most dual rotors,
the rotors turn in opposite directions so the torque from
one rotor is opposed by the torque of the other. This
cancels the turning tendencies. [Figure 1-2]
In general, a rotor system can be classified as either
fully articulated, semirigid, or rigid. There are variations
and combinations of these systems, which will be
　
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