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Aerodromes serving certain air carriers under 14 CFR
Part 139 are indicated by a CFR Index which relates
to the availability of crash, fire, and rescue equipment.
(See TBL AD 1.1−1.)
11. Bird Concentrations in the Vicinity of
Aerodromes
11.1Animal and bird notices are not normally
published in aerodrome remarks. Pilots should be
aware that animals and birds are frequently found in
the vicinity of aerodromes and should exercise due
caution. However, selected bird notices may be
published, but only after approval by the appropriate
Regional Bird Hazard Group.
TBL AD 1.1−1
14 CFR PART 139 CERTIFICATED AIRPORTS
Indexes and Fire Fighting and Rescue Equipment Requirements
Airport Index
Required Number of
Vehicles
Aircraft Length Agent & Water for Foam
A 1 90’ 500# DC or 450# DC + 100 gal H20
B 1 or 2 90’ & 126’ Index A + 1500 gal H20
C 2 or 3 126’ & 159’ Index A + 3000 gal H20
D 3 159’ & 200’ Index A + 4000 gal H20
E 3 200’ Index A + 6000 gal H20
Greater Than; Less Than; Equal To or Greater Than; H20 Water; DC Dry Chemical
NOTE−
Vehicle and capacity requirements for airports holding limited operating certificates are determined on a case−by−case
basis.
AIP
United States of America
AD 1.1−4
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
12. Airport Lighting Aids
12.1Approach Light Systems (ALS)
12.1.1Approach light systems provide the basic
means for transition from instrument flight to visual
flight for landing. Operational requirements dictate
the sophistication and configuration of the approach
light system for a particular runway.
12.1.2Approach light systems are a configuration of
signal lights starting at the landing threshold and
extending into the approach area a distance of
2400−3000 feet for precision instrument runways and
1400−1500 feet for nonprecision instrument runways.
Some systems include sequenced flashing
lights which appear to the pilot as a ball of light
traveling towards the runway at high speed (twice
each second).
12.2Visual Glideslope Indicators
12.2.1Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)
12.2.1.1The VASI is a system of lights so arranged
to provide visual descent guidance information
during the approach to a runway. These lights are
visible from 3−5 miles during the day and up to
20miles or more at night. The visual glide path of the
VASI provides safe obstruction clearance within plus
or minus 10 degrees of the extended runway
centerline and to 4 nautical miles from the runway
threshold. Descent, using the VASI, should not be
initiated until the aircraft is visually aligned with the
runway. Lateral course guidance is provided by the
runway or runway lights.
12.2.1.2VASI installations may consist of either 2,
4, 6, 12, or 16 light units arranged in bars referred to
as near, middle, and far bars. Most VASI installations
consist of 2 bars, near and far, and may consist of 2,
4, or 12 light units. Some airports have VASIs
consisting of three bars, near, middle, and far, which
provide an additional visual glide path to accommodate
high cockpit aircraft. This installation may
consist of either 6 or 16 light units. VASI installations
consisting of 2, 4, or 6 lights units are located on
oneside of the runway, usually the left. Where the
installation consists of 12 or 16 light units, the light
units are located on both sides of the runway.
12.2.1.3Two−bar VASI installations provide one
visual glide path which is normally set at 3 degrees.
Three−bar VASI installations provide two visual
glide paths. The lower glide path is provided by the
near and middle bars and is normally set at 3 degrees
while the upper glide path, provided by the middle
and far bars, in normally 1/4 degree higher. This
higher glide path is intended for use only by high
cockpit aircraft to provide a sufficient threshold
crossing height. Although normal glide path angles
are three degrees, angles at some locations may be as
high as 4.5 degrees to give proper obstacle clearance.
Pilots of high performance aircraft are cautioned that
use of VASI angles in excess of 3.5 degrees may cause
an increase in runway length required for landing and
rollout.
12.2.1.4The basic principle of the VASI is that of
color differentiation between red and white. Each
light unit projects a beam of light having a white
segment in the upper part of the beam and red
　
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