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result of proximity of less than 500 feet to another
aircraft, or a report is received from a pilot or a flight
crewmember stating that a collision hazard existed
between two or more aircraft.
3.3Reporting Responsibility.It is the responsibility
of the pilot and/or flight crew to determine
whether a near midair collision did actually occur
and, if so, to initiate a NMAC report. Be specific, as
ATC will not interpret a casual remark to mean that
a NMAC is being reported. The pilot should state I
wish to report a near midair collision."
AIP ENR 1.16−3
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
3.4Where to File Reports.Pilots and/or flight
crewmembers involved in NMAC occurrences are
urged to report each incident immediately:
3.4.1By radio or telephone to the nearest FAA ATC
facility or FSS.
3.4.2In writing, in lieu of the above, to the nearest
Flight Standards District Office (FSDO).
3.5Items to be Reported
3.5.1Date and time (UTC) of incident.
3.5.2Location of incident and altitude.
3.5.3Identification and type of reporting aircraft,
aircrew destination, name and home base of pilot.
3.5.4Identification and type of other aircraft,
aircrew destination, name and home base of pilot.
3.5.5Type of flight plans; station altimeter setting
used.
3.5.6Detailed weather conditions at altitude or flight
level.
3.5.7Approximate courses of both aircraft: indicate
if one or both aircraft were climbing or descending.
3.5.8Reported separation in distance at first
sighting, proximity at closest point horizontally and
vertically, length of time in sight prior to evasive
action.
3.5.9Degree of evasive action taken, if any (from
both aircraft, if possible).
3.5.10Injuries, if any.
3.6Investigation.The FSDO in whose area the
incident occurred is responsible for the investigation
and reporting of NMACs.
3.7Existing radar, communication, and weather data
will be examined in the conduct of the investigation.
When possible, all cockpit crew members will be
interviewed regarding factors involving the NMAC
incident. Air traffic controllers will be interviewed in
cases where one or more of the involved aircraft was
provided ATC service. Both flight and ATC
procedures will be evaluated. When the investigation
reveals a violation of an FAA regulation, enforcement
action will be pursued.

AIP ENR 1.17−1
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
ENR 1.17 NORTH ATLANTIC (NAT)
TIMEKEEPING PROCEDURES
1. Prior to entry into NAT minimum navigation
performance specifications (MNPS) airspace, the
time reference system(s) to be used during the flight
for calculation of waypoint estimated times of arrival
(ETAs) and waypoint actual times of arrival (ATAs)
shall be synchronized to universal coordinated time
(UTC). All ETAs and ATAs passed to air traffic
control shall be based on a time reference that has
been synchronized to UTC or equivalent. Acceptable
sources of UTC include:
1.1WWV − National Institute of Standards and
Technology (Fort Collins, Colorado). WWV
operates 24 hours a day on 2500, 5000, 10000, 15000,
20000 kHz (AM/single sideband (SSB)) and provides
UTC voice every minute.
1.2GPS (corrected to UTC) − Available 24 hours a
day to those pilots who can access the time signal over
their shipboard GPS equipment.
1.3CHU − National Research Council (NRC) −
Available 24 hours a day on 3330, 7335, and 14670
kHz (SSB). In the final 10−second period of each
minute, a bilingual station identification and time
announcement is made. Since April 1990, the
announced time is UTC.
1.4BBC − British Broadcasting Corporation (United
Kingdom). The BBC transmits on a number of
domestic and world−wide frequencies and transmits
the Greenwich time signal (referenced to UTC) once
every hour on most frequencies, although there are
some exceptions.
1.5Any other source shown to the State of Registry
or State of Operator (as appropriate) to be an
equivalent source of UTC.

AIP ENR 1.18−1
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
ENR 1.18 Area Navigation (RNAV) and
Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
1. Area Navigation (RNAV)
1.1General.RNAV is a method of navigation that
permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path
within the coverage of station−referenced navigation
　
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