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The appropriate instrument approach chart will
indicate the identifier used at a particular airport.
15. Microwave Landing System (MLS)
15.1General
15.1.1The MLS provides precision navigation
guidance for exact alignment and descent of aircraft
on approach to a runway. It provides azimuth,
elevation, and distance information. The elevation
transmitter is located to the side of the runway near
the approach threshold. The precision DME, which
provides range information, is normally collocated
with the azimuth transmitter.
15.1.2Both lateral and vertical guidance may be
displayed on conventional course deviation indicators
or incorporated into multipurpose cockpit
displays. Range information can be displayed by
conventional DME indicators and also incorporated
into multipurpose displays.
15.1.3The MLS supplements the ILS as the standard
landing system in the U.S. for civil, military, and
international civil aviation. At international airports,
ILS service is protected to 2010.
15.1.4The system may be divided into five
functions:
15.1.4.1Approach azimuth.
15.1.4.2Back azimuth.
15.1.4.3Approach elevation.
15.1.4.4Range.
15.1.4.5Data communications.
15.1.5The standard configuration of MLS ground
equipment includes:
15.1.5.1An azimuth station to perform functions
15.1.4.1 and 15.1.4.5 above. In addition to providing
azimuth navigation guidance, the azimuth station
also transmits basic data which consists of
information associated directly with the operation of
the landing system, as well as advisory data on the
performance of the ground equipment.
15.1.5.2An elevation station to perform function
15.1.4.3.
15.1.5.3Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) to
perform function 15.1.4.4. The DME provides range
guidance, both standard (DME/N) and precision
DME (DME/P).
15.1.6MLS Expansion Capabilities.The standard
configuration can be expanded by adding one or
more of the following functions or characteristics.
15.1.6.1Back Azimuth.Provides lateral guidance
for missed approach and departure navigation.
15.1.6.2Auxiliary Data Transmissions.Provides
additional data, including refined airborne positioning,
meteorological information, runway status, and
other supplementary information.
15.1.6.3Expanded Service Volume (ESV).
Provides proportional guidance to 60 degrees.
ENR 4.1−12 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
15.1.7MLS identification is a four−letter designation
starting with the letter M. It is transmitted in
Morse Code at least six times per minute by the
approach azimuth (and back azimuth) ground
equipment.
15.2Approach Azimuth Guidance
15.2.1The azimuth station transmits MLS angle and
data on one of the 200 channels within the frequency
range of 5031 to 5091 MHz.
15.2.2The equipment is normally located about
1,000 feet beyond the stop end of the runway, but
there is considerable flexibility in selecting sites. For
example, for heliport operations the azimuth
transmitter can be collocated with the elevation
transmitter.
15.2.3The azimuth coverage extends:
(See FIG ENR 4.1−3.)
FIG ENR 4.1−3
Coverage Volume
Azimuth
APPROACH
AZIMUTH
AZIMUTH
-40°
+40°
20 NM
ESV
ESV
14 NM
MAXIMUM LIMIT +60°
14 NM
-60°
15.2.3.1Laterally, at least 40 degrees on either side
of the runway centerline in a standard configuration.
15.2.3.2In elevation, up to an angle of 15 degrees −
and to at least 20,000 feet.
15.2.3.3In range, to at least 20 NM.
15.3Elevation Guidance
15.3.1The elevation station transmits signals on the
same frequency as the azimuth station. A single
frequency is time−shared between all angle and data
functions.
15.3.2The elevation transmitter is normally located
about 400 feet from the side of the runway between
runway threshold and the touchdown zone.
15.3.3Elevation coverage is provided in the same
airspace as the azimuth guidance signals:
15.3.3.1In elevation, to at least +15 degrees.
15.3.3.2Laterally, to fill the azimuth lateral
coverage.
15.3.3.3In range, to at least 20 NM. (See
FIG ENR 4.1−4.)
FIG ENR 4.1−4
Coverage Volumes
Elevation
ELEVATION
NORMAL
GLIDE PATH
MAXIMUM LIMIT 20,000’
20 NM
30
3
15
o
o
o
o
15.4Range Guidance
　
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