曝光臺(tái) 注意防騙 網(wǎng)曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費(fèi)者

Head-Up Guidance System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8
CONTENTS
IV
Ceiling and Visibility Requirements . . . . . . . . . .2-8
Runway Visual Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8
Runway Visibility Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Prevailing Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Tower Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Adequate Visual Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Automated Weather Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Automatic Terminal Information
Service and Digital ATIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
IFR Alternate Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11
Alternate Minimums for Commercial Operators 2-12
Departure Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12
Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12
Airport Runway Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-17
SID Versus DP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-17
Obstacle Departure Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-18
Flight Planning Considerations . . . . . . . . . . .2-18
Standard Instrument Departures . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-19
Pilot NAV and Vector SIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-21
Flight Planning Considerations . . . . . . . . . . .2-22
Procedural Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-22
DP Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-22
Procedures Assigned by ATC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-26
Procedures Not Assigned by ATC . . . . . . . . . . .2-26
Departures from Tower-Controlled Airports . . .2-26
Departures from Airports without an
Operating Control Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-27
Ground Communications Outlets . . . . . . . . .2-27
Obstacle Avoidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-27
Climb Gradients and Climb Rates . . . . . . . . .2-27
See and Avoid Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-27
Area Navigation Departures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-28
RNAV Departure Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-28
Pilot Responsibility for Use of RNAV
Departures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-30
Radar Departure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-34
Diverse Vector Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-34
VFR Departure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-34
Noise Abatement Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-34
Chapter 3 — En Route Operations
En Route Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
Air Route Traffic Control Centers . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
Preferred IFR Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
Substitute En Route Flight Procedures . . . . . . . . .3-3
Tower En Route Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4
Airway and Route System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4
Monitoring of Navigation Facilities . . . . . . . .3-4
LF Airways/Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4
VHF Airways/Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
VHF En Route Obstacle Clearance Areas . . . .3-6
Primary Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Secondary Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
NAVAID Service Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9
Navigational Gaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10
Changeover Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11
IFR En Route Altitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12
Minimum En Route Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13
Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude . . . . .3-13
Minimum Vectoring Altitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13
Minimum Reception Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13
Minimum Crossing Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13
Maximum Authorized Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16
IFR Cruising Altitude or Flight Level . . . . . . . .3-16
Lowest Usable Flight Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16
Operations in Other Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17
Reporting Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17
Nonradar Position Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17
Communication Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Climbing and Descending En Route. . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Pilot/Controller Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-20
Aircraft Speed and Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-22
Holding Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23
ATC Holding Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23
Maximum Holding Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-24
High Performance Holding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-25
　
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