4.2

 
Flight Operations Briefing Notes
Approach Techniques
Flying Stabilized Approaches
I Introduction Rushed and unstabilized approaches are the largest contributory factor in CFIT and other approach-and-landing accidents.
Rushed approaches result in insufficient time for the flight crew to correctly:

. Plan;

. Prepare; and,

. Execute a safe approach.

This Flight Operations Briefing Note provides an overview and discussion of:

. Criteria defining a stabilized approach; and,

. Factors involved in rushed and unstabilized approaches.

Note:  Flying stabilized approaches complying with the stabilization criteria and approach gates defined hereafter, does not preclude flying a Delayed Flaps Approach (also called a Decelerated Approach) as dictated by ATC requirements.

II Statistical Data (Source: Flight Safety Foundation Flight Safety Digest Volume 17 & 18 – November 1998 / February 1999).
Continuing an unstabilized approach is a causal factor in 40 % of all approach-and-landing accidents.
In 75% of the off-runway touchdown, tail strike or runway excursion/overrun accidents, the major cause was an unstable approach.
Table 1 shows the factors involved in rushed and unstabilized approaches.
 

Factor
 % of Events
 
High and/or fast approach or Low and/or slow approach
 66 %
 
Flight-handling difficulties : - Demanding ATC clearances - Adverse wind conditions
 45 %
 

Table 1
Factors Involved in Unstabilized Approaches
III Stabilization Heights The following minimum stabilization heights are recommended to achieve timely stabilized approaches:

Meteorological Conditions
 Height above Airfield Elevation
 
IMC
　
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