(ii)
For other airplanes, the fuel necessary for one-half hour of operation at maximum continuous power.

Amdt. 23-50, E.. 03/11/96
FAR 23.29 : Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity.
(a)
The empty weight and corresponding center of gravity must be determined by wei-ghing the airplane with–

(1)
Fixed ballast;

(2)
Unusablefueldetermined underSec.23.959;[and

(3)
Full operating .uids, including–

(i)
Oil;

(ii)
Hydraulic .uid; and

(iii) Other .uids required for normal operation of airplane systems, except potable water,lavatoryprechargewater,and waterintendedforinjection in the engines.]

(b)
The condition of the airplane at the time of determining empty weight must be one that is well de.ned and can be easily repeated.

Amdt. 23-21, E.. 03/01/78
FAR 23.31 : Removable ballast.
Removable ballast may be used in showing compliance with the .ight requirements of this subpart, if–
(a) Theplacefor carryingballastisproperlydesignedandinstalled, andis marked under Sec. 23.1557; and
(b) [Instructions areincludedin theAirplaneFlightManual, approvedmanual material, ormarkingsandplacards,fortheproperplacement of the removableballastunder each loading condition for which removable ballast is necessary.]
Amdt. 23-13, E.. 10/23/72
FAR 23.33 : Propeller speed and pitch limits.
(a)
General. The propeller speed and pitch must be limited to values that will assure safe operation under normal operating conditions.

(b)
Propellers not controllable in .ight.For eachpropeller whosepitch cannotbe control-led in .ight–

(1)
[Duringtakeo. andinitial climb at the all engine(s) operating climb speed spe-ci.ed in Sec. 23.65, the propeller must limit the engine r.p.m., at full throttle or at maximum allowable takeo. manifold pressure, to a speed not greater thanthe maximum allowabletakeo. r.p.m.; and

(2)
During a closed throttle glide, at VNE, the propeller may not cause an engine speed above 110 percent of maximum continuous speed.]

(c)
Controllablepitchpropellers without constantspeed controls.Eachpropeller that can be controlled in .ight, but that does not have constant speed controls, must have a means to limit the pitch range so that–

(1)
Thelowestpossiblepitch allowscompliance withparagraph(b)(1) of this sec-tion; and

(2)
The highest possible pitch allows compliance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section.

(d)
Controllable pitch propellers with constant speed controls. Each controllable pitch propeller with constant speed controls must have–

(1)
With thegovernorin operation, a means at thegovernortolimit the maximum engine speed tothe maximum allowabletakeo. r.p.m.; and

(2)
Withthegovernorinoperative,thepropellerblades atthelowestpossiblepitch, withtakeo.power,the airplane stationary, and no wind, either–

(i)
A means to limit the maximum engine speed to 103 percent of the maxi-mum allowable takeo. r.p.m., or

(ii)
For an engine withan approved overspeed, a means tolimit the maximum engine and propeller speed to not more than the maximum approved overspeed.

Amdt. 23-50, E.. 03/11/96

29.2 Performance
FAR 23.45 : General.
(a) [Unless otherwiseprescribed, theperformance requirements ofthispart mustbe met for–
(1)
Still air and standard atmosphere; and

(2)
Ambient atmospheric conditions,for commuter categoryairplanes,for recipro-cating engine-powered airplanes of more than 6,000pounds maximum weight, and for turbine engine-powered airplanes.

′
Elodie Roux. Septembre 2003
Subpart B : Flight
(b)
　
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本文鏈接地址：FAA規(guī)章 美國聯(lián)邦航空規(guī)章 Federal Aviation Regulations 1(121)