Chapitre 28 Subpart A : General
Sommaire
FAR23.1:Applicability. .................... 224 FAR 23.2 : Special retroactive requirements. . . . . . . . . . . 224 FAR23.3:Airplanecategories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
223
Subpart A : General
FAR 23.1 : Applicability.
(a)
[This Part prescribes airworthiness standards for the issue of type certi.cates, and changes to those certi.cates, for airplanes in the normal, utility, acrobatic and commuter categories.]

(b)
Each person who applies under Part 21 for such a certi.cate or change must show

compliance with the applicable requirements of this Part. Amdt. 23-34, E.. 02/17/87
FAR 23.2 : Special retroactive requirements.
(a)
[NotwithstandingSecs. 21.17 and 21.101 of this chapter and irrespective of the type certi.cation basis, each normal, utility, and acrobatic category airplane having a passenger seatingcon.guration, excludingpilot seats, of nine orless, manufactured after December 12, 1986, or any such foreign airplane for entry into the United States must provide a safety belt and shoulder harness for each forward-or aft-facingseat which willprotect the occupantfrom seriousheadinjury when subjected to theinertialoads resultingfrom the ultimate staticloadfactorsprescribedinSec. 23.561(b)(2) of thispart, or which willprovide the occupantprotection speci.ed in Sec. 23.562 of this part when that section is applicable to the airplane. For other seat orientations, the seat/restraint system must be designed to provide a level of occupant protection equivalent to that provided for forward-or aft-facing seats with a safety belt and shoulder harness installed.

(b)
Each shoulder harness installed at a .ight crewmember station, as required by this section, must allow the crewmember, when seated with the safetybelt and shoulder harness fastened, to perform all functions necessary for .ight operations.

(c)
For the purpose of this section, the date of manufacture is :

(1)
The date the inspection acceptance records, or equivalent, re.ect that the airplane is complete and meets the FAA approved type design data; or

(2)
In the case of a foreign manufactured airplane, the date the foreign civil air-worthiness authority certi.es the airplane is complete and issues an original standard airworthiness certi.cate, or the equivalent in that country.]

Amdt. 23-36, E.. 09/14/88
FAR 23.3 : Airplane categories.
(a)
The normal categoryislimited toairplanesthathaveaseating con.guration,exclu-dingpilot seats, of nine or less, a maximum certi.cated takeo. of 12,500pounds or less, and intended for nonacrobatic operation. Nonacrobatic operation includes :

(1)
Any maneuverincidenttonormal .ying;

(2)
Stalls(except whip stalls); and

(3)
Lazyeights, chandelles, and steep turns,in which the angle ofbankis not more than 60 degrees.

(b)
The utility category is limited to airplanes that have a seating con.guration, exclu-ding pilot seats, of nine or less, a maximum certi.cated takeo. weight of 12,500 pounds or less, and intended for limited acrobatic operation. Airplanes certi.cated in the utility category may be used in any of the operations covered under pa-ragraph(a) of this section andinlimited acrobatic operations.Limited acrobatic operation includes :

(1)
Spins(if approvedfortheparticulartype of airplane); and

(2)
[Lazy eights, chandelles, and steep turns, or similar maneuvers, in which the angle of bank is more than 60 degrees but not more than 90 degrees.]

(c)
The acrobatic category is limited to airplanes that have a seating con.guration, excluding pilot seats, of nine or less, a maximum certi.cated takeo. weight of 12,500 pounds or less, and intended for use without restrictions, other than those shown to be necessary as a result of required .ight tests.
　
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