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82 National Business Aviation Association.  TSA Access Certificate (TSAAC) – Updated December 23, 2003.  Washington, DC: National Business Aviation Association, Inc.
83 Transportation Security Administration.  TSA and National Business Aviation Association to Expand General Aviation Security Partnership Program. Press Release, December 30, 2004.
84 Transportation Security Administration. Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport: Enhanced Security Procedures for Certain Operations; Interim Final Rule.  Federal Register, 70(137), 41586-41603 (July 19, 2005).
85 See CRS Report RS22234, Protecting Airspace in the National Capital Region, by Bart Elias.
Security Measures for Charter Operations. While corporate and privately owned aircraft primarily deal with passengers known to the pilots and operators, passenger charter aircraft present unique security challenges because customers are sometimes unknown or unfamiliar.  Charter aircraft weighing more than 12,500 pounds maximum takeoff weight must adhere to specific security regulations referred to as the twelve-five security program in reference to the aircraft weight criteria.86  Twelve-five security program requirements include passenger identification checks, fingerprint-based criminal history records checks for flight crew members, application of specific bomb and hijacking notification procedures and requirements, and implementation of a TSA-approved operator security program. Each operator must designate a security coordinator within the organization, provide training and information to employees with security-related duties, and have procedures in place to coordinate with law enforcement entities responding to security threats.  Although cockpit doors are not a requirement for twelve-five operations, if an aircraft has a cockpit door, procedures must be in place to restrict access to the flight deck.
In addition to these requirements of the twelve-five security program, operators of passenger charter flights in aircraft weighing more than 100,300 pounds maximum gross weight or and aircraft with 61 or more passenger seats must implement additional security measures laid out in the TSA’s private charter program, including a requirement for physical screening of passengers and accessible baggage.87  Also, regardless of aircraft weight, if a passenger-carrying charter flight loads or unloads passengers at a designated sterile area of a commercial airport (that is, beyond the security screening checkpoint), that operation must also adopt the private charter security program.  The private charter program prohibits passengers from carrying weapons, explosives, and incendiary devices, and requires that metal detectors and x-ray systems used in the screening of charter passengers meet standards established by the TSA.  However, physical screening of passengers can be conducted by TSA-approved private screeners and is not typically carried out by federal screeners unless arrangements are made to enplane and deplane from the sterile area of  commercial airports.  Private charter operators of these larger aircraft must establish procedures to prevent unauthorized access to aircraft and other access controlled areas as specified in the operator’s security program and must carry out a security inspection of aircraft whenever access control measures, such a posted security guards or adequate access controls to aircraft, are not maintained.  In addition to flight crew members, other employees of private charter operating large aircraft that have unescorted access to aircraft and secured areas must submit to fingerprint-based criminal history records checks, and security coordinators and crew members must complete annual recurrent security training. 
　
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