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48 Donald Spurston. “Security Requirement for GA Operations Should be Based on Threat Assessment.”  ICAO Journal, Number 8, 2002,  p. 18.
49 Transportation Security Administration.  Security Guidelines for General Aviation Airports.  Information Publication A-001, May 2004.
while some access controls may be in place, they may not be adequate for preventing motivated terrorists from circumventing these measures or exploiting weaknesses in access controls.
The TSA’s approach to risk assessment to meet the sector-specific security plans called for in Homeland Security Presidential Directive(HSPD)-7: Critical Infrastructure Identification, Prioritization, and Protection is the ongoing development of a Vulnerability Information Self Assessment Test (VISAT) for GA airports. VISAT programs have already been developed for other transportation infrastructure including maritime, rail, bridges, and mass transit, and others are under development for other transportation sectors including rail and trucking HAZMAT.50 The GA VISAT, currently under development, is designed to be a self-guided, computer-based assessment tool designed to assess risk and mitigation at GA airports. However, this TSA approach to assessing security risk at GA airports has been criticized over its lack of understanding and differentiation of GA from the air carrier environment and its extensive reliance on standards developed for nuclear power plant security that do not adequately address the public access needs of GA airports.51  Critics have argued that the TSA should instead, incorporate more updated threat and risk management standards developed by FEMA that more fully address public access needs.52  While some of these recommendations may be incorporated into the final assessment tool issued by the TSA to assess security risk at GA airports, a comprehensive, standardized tool to perform detailed analyses of security risks in the GA sector does not currently exist. Many experts believe that such a tool could be extremely beneficial for identifying risks and designing security programs for specific airports or specific categories of GA airports.
Based on detailed analyses, cost-effective security programs that address the specific degree and nature of risk at specific airports can be designed and implemented.  Various combinations of security measures are available and can be tailored for airport-specific or operator-specific security plans.  These include various approaches to: surveillance and monitoring; airport access controls; and physical security measures to protect aircraft.  These specific security systems implemented by airports and operators may be augmented by broader initiatives such as the vetting of GA pilots and airport workers at the federal level and establishing specific procedures and defenses to protect airspace near critical locations such as key federal facilities in Washington, DC.  In the following discussion, these various approaches and the challenges associated with applying them to GA security are analyzed in further detail.
　
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