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747-400 MAINTENANCE MANUAL
 STRUCTURES - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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 1.  General_______
 A.  The airplane structure (Fig. 1) is designed to provided maximum strength and safety with minimum weight. This objective has been achieved by designing fail-safe load paths into the structure so that a failure of one segment cannot endanger the airplane and also by the use of appropriately selected materials. The materials most commonly used throughout the structure are high strength aluminum, steel, and titanium alloys. The most extensively used materials are certain aluminum alloys, which are selected according to the particular type of load they are best suited to withstand. The wings, fuselage, stabilizers, empennage, and engine structure are composed basically of the these materials.
 B.  Fiberglass and aluminum honeycomb core materials are used extensively on secondary areas of structures and many of the flight control surfaces. Flight control surfaces include flaps, spoilers, ailerons, horizontal stabilizers, elevators, rudders, and winglets.
 C.  Pressure relief, blowout panels, and doors are located in various areas on the structure of the airplane (Fig. 2). These are designed to prevent excessive pressures which may cause structural damage.
 2.  Fuselage (Fig. 3)________
 A.  The fuselage is principally made of aluminum alloy. It is a semimonocoque structure consisting of bulkheads, zee section frames, and skin stiffened with hat or zee section stiffeners. It is composed of five sections. Four sections extend from body stations 140 to 2360. These sections contain all of the crew, cargo, and passenger accommodations. The fifth section is at the aft end and provides support for the stabilizers and houses the APU (auxiliary power unit) system.
 B.  The fuselage interior is pressurized except the nose radome, wing center section, nose, wing and body landing gear wheel wells, and the tail section. The pressurized area extends from body stations 140 to 2360. Structural continuity is provided across the wheel well areas by a keel beam which passes below the wing center section and is connected at right angles to the landing gear beam through the body station 1350 bulkhead. The wing center section, wing and body gear wheel wells (body stations 900 thru 1480) have many systems running through them with limited access. Hydraulic lines, electrical wire bundles, ducts, and other systems pass through this area between body buttock line 0.0 and 127.75. The pressurized fuselage area is provided with flooring in the upper deck, main deck, and lower lobe areas. Typical floor structure consists of horizontal and transverse beams attached to the fuselage frames. Local area variations from this floor structure include the control cabin, stairwell, center wing box, and the wing and body wheel well areas.
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A
747-400
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

Basic Structures
Figure 1

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A
747-400
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

LEADING EDGE

SECTION 48 BLOWOUT DOOR (HORIZONTAL STABILIZER JACKSCREW ACCESS DOOR)
Pressure Relief and Blowout Panels and Doors
Figure 2

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1617 19 12
11 WING STUB 12 WING 14 WING LEADING EDGE 15 SPOILERS 16 FLAPS 17 AILERONS 19 WINGLET 41 BODY SECTION - NOSE 42 BODY SECTION - FWD 44 BODY SECTION - CENTER 46 BODY SECTION - AFT 48 BODY SECTION - TAIL 61 MAIN GEAR - OUTBD
A 747-400 MAINTENANCE MANUAL 
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