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step on any no-step surfaces that could be covered with
ice or snow. Check the pitot-static tube for ice as well
ast he fuel pressurizationr am/air intakes,a ndy aw,pitch,
and angle-of-attack transducers.
Moisture in the fuel system greatly increases operational
problems in cold weather. At lower temperatures,
the water-dissolving capacity of fuel is greatly reduced
and will result in considerably more water accumulation
(as much as several gallons of water to 1,000 gallons of
tie]). If the water separation occurs at below freezing
temperaturest,h e water will crystallize on the fuel drain
and internal valves. Any water accumulation will settle
to the bottom of the tanks and freeze up the fuel drains.
Normal operating procedures as outlined in Chapter
7, Shore-Based Procedures, should be adhered to with
the following additions and exceptions.
ORIGINAL 18-4
18.4.1 Preflight
1. Check entire aircraft to ensure that all snow, ice,
or Gost is removed.
Snow, ice, and frost on the aircraft surface
are a major flight hazard. The result of this
condition is a loss of lift and increased stall
SptXdS.
2. Shock struts and actuation cylinders - Free of
Ice and Dirt.
3. Fuel drain cocks - Free of Ice and Drain Condensation
4. Pitot tubes - Ice and Dirt Removed.
5. Exterior protective covers - Removed.
18.4.2 Engine Start. Be sure that the aircraft is
adequately checked before engine start.
When operating in subfreezing temperatures, moisture
in the air entering the aircraft from the starting unit
may freeze, causing ECS malfunctions. Starting the aircraft
with the AIR SOURCE in OFF will prevent the
problem. The AIR SOURCE in BOTH ENG should be
selected after both engines have been started and the
startera ir disconnectedE. CS malfunctions after engine
start may still occur because of moisture internally present
in the aircraft.
If this occurs, select:
1. TEMP mode selector switch - MAN.
2. TEMP control thumbwheel - Full Hot (14)
3. WSHLD AIR switch - ON.
4. With both engines at IDLE, the ECS should thaw
in about 20 minutes. During this warmup period,
leave all avionics and radar off.
If external fuel tanks are installed:
5. MASTER TEST switch - FLT GR UP.
Advance throttlesa s necessaryto 80p ercentmaximum
to check for GO light and positive external
transfer. Once airborne, external fuel transfer
NAVAIR 0%F14AAD1
should not be delayed to ensure complete external
tank transfer.
Note
If external transfer does not initiate or is incomplete,
flight below the freezing level for
20 to 30 minutes will allow frozen valves to
thaw permitting external transfer.
In severely cold weather, allow a short time for warmup
before increasing rpm out of the idle range. If oil
pressureis low or fails to come up in a reasonablele ngth
of time, shut down. Attempt another start atIer heating
the engines.
piEi-1
If abnormal sounds or noises are present during
starting, discontinue starting and apply
intake duct preheating for 10 to 15 minutes.
18.4.3 Taxiing. Avoid taxiing in deep or rutted snow
since frozen brakes will likely result.
To ensure safe stopping distance and prevent icing of
aircraft surfaces by melted snow and ice blown by jet
blast of a preceding aircmft, increase spacing between
aircraft while taxiing at subfreezing temperatures.
18.4.4 Takeoff. When operating Born runways that
are covered with excessive water, snow, or slush, highspeed
aborts may result in engine flameout because of
precipitation ingestion. The probability of flameout is
highest when throttles are chopped. With a double
flameout, normal braking, anti-skid and nosegeasr teering
will be lost as hydraulic pressured ecreasesw ith
engine spool down. Check applicable takeoff distance
charts in NAVAIR 01 -Fl4AAP-1.1.
Thrust available will be noticeably greater in cold
temperaturesd uring the takeoff run.
Before initial takeoff roll, ensure that all instruments
are sufftciently warmed up. After
takeoff, cycle landing gear a few times to
prevent the possibility ofthe gear freezing in
the wheelwells.
18.4.5 Landing. Frozen downlock microswitch a~-
tuatots, because of moisture combined with extremely
18-5 ORIGINAL
NAVAIR 0%FUAAD-1
cold temperatures,c an causes puriousu nsafe down indications
when landing gear is extended. Use antiskid
during the landing roll.
Note
Bard braking on ice or a wet runway, even
with ANTISKID on, could result in dangerous
skidding.
18.4.8 After Landing. During operationsw here the
　
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