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+(NumPad Plus) Zoom In (Increase Size)
- (NumPad
Minus)
Zoom Out (Decrease Size)
F1 to F10
Access view modes directly, these are saved on program exits. This way you can
define various views of the panels for your convenience
Ctrl-R Resets positions of "Black Panel" Gauges
Modes
Esc, Ctrl-M Menu
P Displays the position of the aircraft with regard to the currently selected navaids.
1 Displays a list of Available VORs... click on them to select a given VOR for NAV1
2 Displays a list of Available VORs... click on them to select a given VOR for NAV2
3 Displays a list of Available NDBs... click on them to select a navaid for the ADF
Actions
4, 5, 6 Stopwatch Mode Select, Start/Stop, Reset
R Show/Hide Radio Stack
Num Keypad
7 & 1
Trim Up/Down
G Gear Up/Down
Home/End Increase/Decrease selected altimeter pressure
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Z/X Decrease/Increase Panel Brightness
Shift Z/X Decrease/Increase Instrument Lighting
Ctrl X Instrument Lighting Red
GAIFR SYSTEMS & FAILURES
Various system failures are possible with the GAIFR panels. The following below *only* refers to the PA28
– Piper Warrior. Different a/c models will have different systems and thus effects of failures could be
different. The following is only to illustrate the concept and should *not* be treated as any form of official /
type specific guide whatsoever.
By pressing the VAC button the “VAC” fail light will illuminate on the indicator panel indicating a fault in the
vacuum system. This is the first clue to the pilot that there is a fault. Soon afterwards the AI and HI will run
down and the pilot must switch to the correct limited panel flying procedures as laid down by his instructor
or instrument flying course book.
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PITOT and STATIC PRESSURE SYSTEM
The pitot supplies dynamic pressure to the ASI. The VSI and ALT measure changes in static pressure.
STATIC FAIL
On this a/c there is no warning indication that supplies information directly to the pilot on the integrity of
the Pitot or static system. In normal operations the Pitot tube and static vents should be checked prior to
flight that they are clear of ice and debris. If possible icing conditions are encountered (note that the PA28
is not licensed to fly in known icing conditions) the Pitot Head is fitted with a heating element which can be
activated by the pilot via the Pitot Heat switch. Note when operating it that on the Amps meter at the
bottom of the panel you should see a gain in the amps being drain – this is a good pre-flight check,
perhaps prior to take-off to ensure that both the Pitot heater is in working order and that indeed the
ammeter is charging and operating.
PITOT FAIL
On the simulator, by pressing the Pitot fail button
the pitot static system will fail and the ASI will read
zero. However, if icing is encountered during flight,
regardless of whether the failure mode is active or
not) then the pitot might become blocked with ice if
the Pitot heat is not used. In which case the ASI will
remain static and not move until the ice has been
cleared relieving the system of the blocked pressure.
In both scenarios the pilot can practice the relevant
limited panel operations. In such an instance, in
straight and level flight, perhaps in the cruise, if the
pitot becomes blocked the AIS indicator will give constant inaccurate information to the pilot. The a/c could
in fact be going much faster than indicator or worse, much slower. Constant reference to the temperature
gauge with a period airframe ice check are essential to ensure that pitot icing is avoided.
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LOWER PANEL GAUGE INDICATORS – PA28
The fuel tank you are using and the position of the throttle and mixture can be selected via the Sub Panel.
Although not type specific we have added an option for retractable Gear here as well but for obvious
reasons this option should not be selected when operating fixed gear a/c. On the PA28 there are only two
fuel tanks in each wing. There is not cross feed or “Both” option. However, again in the Options menu we
have added an additional switch position marked Both for people wishing to use the panel with different a/c
types.
PRIMER
The PA28 is fitted with a fuel primer. We have simulated the primer option for this type of a/c. It should be
noted that there are different techniques used to start a/c engines (and it is possible to start them without
any primer) we offer this as a guide only.
Winter time cold start in temperatures below 15 degrees c x6 Primes Summer time start in temperatures
　
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本文鏈接地址：Project Magenta USER MANUAL Revision: 12 March-08(24)