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controlled development. A new feature
of Real-time Studio that appeals to Smiths
is Configuration Management of the model
via package controls that reduces or
eliminates problems traditionally encountered
with control of a model by numerous
engineers.
ARTiSAN supports open systems and
industry standards such as UML, which
enables prime contractors, sub-contractors
and their customers to communicate
effectively. Support for automatic documentation
generation from templates
means that generated documents can be
adapted to conform to standards such as:
MIL-STD-498, J-STD-016, IEEE/EIA 12207
and ISO 12207. This enables developers
to focus on engineering activities while
highly evolved tools automate the documentation
tasks.
Because ARTiSAN’s Real-time Studio
makes it easy to maintain code and
design consistency, and as the development
teams become more familiar with
the new process and technology,
Cullimore anticipates that Smiths will
achieve even greater time-to-market
acceleration. Additionally, he believes by
maintaining greater code and design
consistency Smiths will find it easier to
leverage the software for future projects
because most components developed
are in a form that can be readily and
easily reused.
Ultimately, this should result in significant
development cost reductions. n
Smiths Aerospace
continued from page 1
Smiths has produced a Code
of Practice for OO Analysis
and Design that is used across
all new projects. Smiths uses
industry standards whenever
they can, and benefits from
ARTiSAN’s active participation in
the Object Management Group™
(OMG™), who manages UML.
7
Less than five months later,OMG
members adopted the first MDA-based,
non-CORBA OMG specification – Gene
Expression, from the Life Science Research
(LSR) Domain Task Force (DTF). This specification
takes good advantage of the MDA:
It’s a data model, defining no operations,
and even though the only platform-specific
realization in the standard is on XML, its
standard data structures have been programmed
in Java, Perl, and C++. Based on
a single detailed UML model, the XML DTD
and declarations in Java, Perl, and C++ are
all compatible, allowing data to be passed
from a program in any of these languages,
via XML generated from the DTD, to any
other language, without loss of information.
To see how this specification benefits
from MDA, we’ll take a closer look starting
with a brief biology lesson:
A gene is a section of DNA that defines
a protein. Cells control what they do by
controlling the types and quantities of
proteins they produce. The process of
transcribing a gene inside a cell and producing
the protein that it defines is called
gene expression. When something goes
wrong with this system, a cell can do unexpected
things – it could become cancerous,
for example, or create the symptoms of a
genetic disease.
By taking cells from a culture or other
source (a tumor, perhaps) and breaking
down the cell walls to release the contents,
a scientist can prepare a solution rich in the
genes that were being expressed when the
cells were, well, interrupted. How does the
scientist find out exactly which genes these
are? Companies and laboratories have
samples of thousands of DNA strings and
fragments, each labeled with the gene that
it represents. By comparing DNA from an
experimental cell culture with known DNA,
a scientist could tell which genes were being
expressed, but it’s impractical to do thousands
of comparison experiments one-at-a-time.
How can this process be automated?
Enter the Microarray, an array of many
hundreds of different known DNA samples
bonded to a microscope slide or other
suitable carrier. Because of the way DNA
strands match up to form the double helix
that you remember from biology class,
DNA from an experimental preparation will
bond to the spots on a Microarray that contain
DNA from its gene, and not bond to the
other spots. A scan then produces a tiff file
of the Microarray. Software converts data
for each spot into the level of expression
of the gene that the spot represents.
OMG’s First MDA-Based Specification:
Gene Expression, from the Life
Science Research DTF
Jon Siegel , Ph.D.
Vice President, Technology Transfer
Object Management Group
n September 2001, OMG members voted to make the
　
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