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formulas for use as required.
molecular mass of CO = 28.01 1 g
molecular mass of NO2 = 46.008 g
atomic mass of carbon = 12.01 1 g
atomic mass of hydrogen = 1.008 g
concentration of 0 2 in dry air, by volume =
0.209 5 nonnally 7.1 3 Correction of emission indices
to reference conditions
concentration of N2 + rare gases in dry air, by
volume = 0.709 2 normally Comtions shall be made to the measwed engine emission
indices for all pollutants in all relevant engine operating modes
to account for deviations from the reference conditions (ISA at
sea level) of the actual test inlet air conditions of temperature
and pressure. The reference value for humidity shall be
0.00634 kg waterkg dry air.
concentration of C02 in dry air, by volume =
0.000 3 normally
mean concentration of exhaust hydrocarbons
voUvol, expressed as carbon
Thus. EI corrected = K x EI measured,
mean concentration of CO voUvol, wet
where the generalized expression for K is:
mean concentration of C02 voUvol, wet
mean concentration of NOx voUvol, wet =
[NO + Nod
K = ( P ~ ~ ( PxB ()FOA R,/FAR~)~
x exp (IThf - TB)/c) x exp (dlh - 0.006341)
mean concentration of NO in exhaust sample,
voYvol, wet PB Combustor inlet pressure, measured
mean concentration of NO2 in exhaust sample,
voYvol, wet
TB Combustor inlet temperature, measured
FARB FueUair ratio in the combustor
h Ambient air humidity
Pref ISA sea level pressure
[NOXI, mean concentration of NO in exhaust sample
after passing through the N W O converter,
vol/vol, wet
Tref ISA sea level temperature
P&ef Pressure at Ihe combustor inlet of the engine
efficiency of N02/N0 converter tested (or the reference engine if the data is
Annex 16 - Environmental Protection Volume I1
corrected to a reference engine) associated
with TB under ISA sea level conditions.
T~ref Temperature at the combustor inlet under ISA
sea level conditions for the engine tested (or the
reference engine if the data is to be corrected to
a reference engine). This temperature is the
temperature associated with each thrust level
specified for each mode.
FAR,, FueVair ratio in the combustor under ISA sea
level conditions for the engine tested (or the
reference engine if the data is to be corrected
to a reference engine).
a,b,c,d Specific constants which may vary for each
pollutant and each engine type.
The combustor inlet parameters shall preferably be
measured but may be calculated from ambient conditions by
appropriate formulas.
7.1.4 Using the recommended curve fitting technique to
relate emission indices to combustor inlet temperature
effectively eliminates the exp ((TBEf - TB)/c) term from the
generalized equation and for most cases the (FARd IFARB)
term may be considered unity. For the emissions indices of CO
and HC many testing facilities have determined that the
humidity term is sufficiently close to unity to be eliminated
from the expression and that the exponent of the (PMf /PB)
term is close to unity.
EI(C0) corrected = EI derived from
(PB /PBref) EI(C0) v. TB curve
EI(HC) corrected = EI derived from
(PB /PBref) EI(HC) v. TB curve
EI(N0,) corrected = EI derived from
EI(N0,) (P,,, IP,)'.~ eXP (19 1 h - 0.00634 1 ) v. TB curve
If this recommended method for the CO and HC emissions
index comction does not provide a satisfactory correlation, an
alternative method using parameters derived from component
tests may be used.
Any other methods used for making corrections to CO, HC
and NO, emission indices shall have the approval of the
certificating authority.
7.2 Control parameter functions
(Dp, F,, 7 ~ )
7.2.1 Definitions
D, The mass of any gaseous pollutant emitted during
the reference emissions landing and take-off cycle.
F,, The maximum thrust available for take-off under
normal operating conditions at ISA sea level static
conditions, without the use of water injection, as
approved by the applicable certificating authority.
R The ratio of the mean total pressure at the last
compressor discharge plane of the compressor to the
mean total pressure at the compressor entry plane
when the engine is developing take-off thrust rating
at ISA sea level static conditions.
7.2.2 The emission indices (El) for each pollutant,
corrected for pressure and humidity (as appropriate) to the
reference ambient atmospheric conditions as indicated in 7.1.4
and if necessary to the reference engine, shall be obtained for
the required LTO engine operating mode settings (n) of idle,
approach, climb-out and take-off, at each of the equivalent
　
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