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applicable. groups' 1) general information to identify the engine
characteristics, the fuel used and the method of data analysis;
3.1.7 When test conditions differ from the reference 2) the data obtained from the engine test(s); and 3) the
conditions in 3.1.5, the test results shall be corrected to the results derivedfrom the test data.
reference conditions by the methods given in Appendix 5.
3.4.1 The following information shall be provided for
each engine type for which emissions certification is sought.
3.2 Smoke a) engine identification;
b) rated output (in kilonewtons);
3.2.1 Regulatory Smoke Number
C) rated output with afterburning applied, if applicable (in
The Smoke Number at any thrust setting when measured and kilonewtons);
computed in accordance with the procedures of Appendix 2
and converted to a characteristic level by the procedures of d) reference pressure ratio;
fAropmpe nthdei xf o6l loshwailnl gn ofot remxucleae: d the regulatory level determined e) fuel specification reference;
Regulatory Smoke Number = 83.6 (F*A-O.~'~
or a value of 50,
whichever is lower
f) fuel hydrogedcarbon ratio;
g) the methods of data acquisition;
hj the method of making corrections for ambient
Note.- CertiFcating authorities may alternatively accept conditions; and
values determined using aflerburning provided that the validity
of these data is adequately demonstrated i) the method of data analysis.
3.3.1 Regulatory levels
Gaseous emission levels when measured and computed in
accordance with the procedures of Appendix 3 or Appendix 5,
as applicable, and converted to characteristic levels by the
procedures of Appendix 6 shall not exceed the regulatory
levels determined from the following formulas:
Hydrocarbons (HC): Dp/F*,, = 140(0.92)*00
Carbon monoxide (CO): Dp/Po0 = 4 5 5 0 ( ~ ~ ~ ) - ~ . ~ ~
3.4.2 Test information
The following information shall be provided for each engine
tested for certification purposes at each of the thrust settings
specified in 3.1.5.2. The information shall be provided after
correction to the reference ambient conditions where
applicable:
a) fuel flow (kilograms/second);
b) emission index (gramskilogram) for each gaseous
pollutant;
c) percentage of thrust contributed by afterburning; and
d) measured Smoke Number.
Oxides of nitrogen (NO,): Dp P, = 36 + 2 . 4 2 ~ ~
3.4.3 Derived information
Note.- The characteristic level of the Smoke Number or
gaseous pollutant emissions is the mean of the values of all 3.4.3.1 The following derived information shall be
the engines tested, measured and corrected to the reference provided for each engine tested for certification purposes:
24/11/05 ' -
No. 5
Part 111 - Chapter 3
a) emission rate, i.e. emission index x fuel flow,
(gradsecond), for each gaswus pollutant;
b) total gross emission of each gaseous pollutant measured
over the LTO cycle (grams);
c) values of Dp P, for each gaswus pollutant
(gramsflrilonewton); and
d) maximum Smoke Number.
Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
3.4.3.2 The characteristic Smoke Number and gaseous
pollutant emission levels shall be provided for each engine
type for which emissions certification is sought.
Note.- The characteristic level of the Smoke Number or
gaseous pollutant emissions is the mean of the values of all the
engines tested, measured and corrected to the reference
standard engine and reference ambient conditions, divided by
the coeflcient corresponding to the number of engines tested
as shown in Appendix 6.
2Wlu05
No. 5
Appendix 3 Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
where h humidity of ambient air, vol water/vol dry air
m number of C atoms in characteristic fuel
molecule
n number of H atoms in characteristic fuel
molecule
x number of C atoms in characteristic exhaust
hydrocarbon molecule
molecular mass of dry air = 28.%6 g
or, where appropriate,
= (32 R + 28.156 4 S + 44.01 1 T)g
Y number of H atoms in characteristic exhaust
hydrocarbon molecule
molecular mass of exhaust hydrocarbons,
taken as = 16.043 g
The value of nh, the ratio of the atomic hydrogen to atomic
carbon of the fuel used, is evaluated by fuel type analysis. The
ambient air humidity, h, shall be measured at each set
condition. In the absence of contrary evidence as to the
characterization (x,y) of the exhaust hydrocarbons, the values
x= 1, y = 4 are to be used. If dry or semi-dry CO and
measurements are to be used then these shall first be converted
to the equivalent wet concentration as shown in Attachment E
to this appendix, which also contains interfereace correction
　
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