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kept extremely hot, is a very pleasing regale to the
pedestrians of London in cold and gloomy evenings.
sear canoe unseen reserve
ANNEX 1
REQUIREMENT
N.18.
Door-mats of all kinds, rush and rope,
from sixpence to four shillings each,
with Table Mats of various sorts, are
daily cried through the streets of London.
crave savour concern
III-11-22 Manual of Civil Aviation Medicine
Figure 11-10. Examples of a near vision test provided with aeronautic symbols
SLOAN LETTERS
This chart should be held 16 inches (40 cm) from the eyes, at right
angles to the line of vision, and illuminated with not less than 10 or more
than 25 foot-candles of light (108–269 lux).
LINEAR
SNELLEN
SCALE
D O N V R C K
20
20
20
25
20
30
20
40
20
60
20
80
20
100
20
200
S O Z C N
K Z V Z H
H R V D K
D H Z V N
N O S C R
F S O R C
K N V R O
V N K D Z
N V K D O
H O Z V K
K N V R O
R O C N S
H S Z V O
K D C Z N
H Z V O D
K O R H Z
S R N H O
N S V D Z
C V O R D
R 0 V D C
O S K D R
R C O S N
R K S O D
K V D Z V Equivalent to N.5
Equivalent to N.14
S R V D K
N H R V Z
H N Z C O
K V C H D
R C O S N
N K R V D
S O C Z N H R V D K N Z C O
R N H S O K D C Z V O S
AERONAUTICAL CHART READING
Low altitude federal airways are indicated by centre line
LF/MF VOR
(Enroute)
V3
(Alternate)
092° V 3 E
Federally operated control tower Non-federal control tower Other airport (no traffic area, no
airport advisory service on FSS)
SOMERSET
1540 L 37
NF
MARTINSBURG
L 70
120.5 236.6
556
DAYTON
L 70
119.5 257.8
1008
Aerodrome name may be omitted when same as nearest town name 1750 – 36 U
Obstruction
2150
UC
1504
Rotating light (on top of high structure)
HAWTHORNE TOWER
121.1 385.5
Operates 0700–2300
GROUND CONTROL 121.9
LOS ANGELES RADIO
113.6 LAX Chan 83
122.2 123.6
126.7 255.4
LOS ANGELES APPROACH CONTROL ......
225° -044 Sector 124.5 381.6
045° -224° Sector 124.9 269.0
113.6
°
Part III. Medical Assessment
Chapter 11. Ophthalmology III-11-23
Figure 11-11. Flight deck visual distances
(Courtesy: Boeing)
III-11-24 Manual of Civil Aviation Medicine
11.3.69 Factors which affect the visibility of objects within the cockpit include:
a) the actual size of the instrument dials and their displayed data
b) the size and contrast of printed symbols on charts, maps and other reading material
c) the distance between the pilot’s eyes and the object of regard
d) the general illumination on the instrument panels and the brightness of illuminated instruments
e) reflections from cockpit windows and instruments
f) poor cockpit design and instrument placement
g) the use of sunglasses.
11.3.70 As far as the flight crew are concerned the important factors are any refractive error present and
the degree of presbyopia. Young individuals with ample accommodation available will require only their
distance correction, if any. Older individuals or uncorrected hyperopic individuals, who must use some of their
accommodative power to compensate for the hyperopia, will need reading spectacles of some sort. In general,
the ordinary principles of prescribing for presbyopia will apply, and if reading spectacles are needed the
prescribed power will be such as to leave the person using about half his power of accommodation.
11.3.71 Special problems arise for presbyopic flight crew needing bifocals when they have to read
instruments located overhead. Management of this problem will be discussed in the next section.
11.4 VISUAL AIDS
11.4.1 The sections of Annex 1 dealing with visual requirements for licences state that where a standard
of distant visual acuity can be obtained only with correcting lenses the applicant may be assessed fit provided
that such correcting lenses are worn during the exercise of the privileges of the licence or rating applied for or
held and a spare pair of suitable correcting spectacles is kept readily available. Annex 1 also states that when
correcting lenses are needed to meet the intermediate or near vision requirements the applicant may be
assessed fit provided that such lenses are available for immediate use during the exercise of the privileges of
the licence or rating applied for or held. Again, a spare pair of suitable correcting spectacles must be kept
　
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