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h) to keep a computerized data archive of relevant toxicological, biochemical and pathological
findings to detect disease prevalence, drug use or toxin exposure from a national perspective.
State-of-the-art methods and instruments should be used by the laboratory to ensure competent screens
and specific analyses. Appropriate standards should be tested with every sample to verify results.
The laboratory should participate in national level proficiency testing for quality and quantity control
tests of alcohol and common drugs in biological fluids.
The verbal reporting time for ethanol, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide should be within five to
seven working days after receipt of samples. More demanding tests require more time, but a complete report
should be issued after two to five weeks.
————————
ICAO Preliminary Unedited Version — October 2008
Part IV
Chapter 2. ODONTOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction.............................................................................................................. IV-2-1
Organization and tasks of the dental identification teams ....................................... IV-2-1
Recovery group
Ante-mortem recording group
Post-mortem dental examination group
Dental comparison and identification group
Odontological identification ....................................................................................IV-2-3
Community based parameters affecting the success rate of
odontological identification .................................................................................. IV-2-4
National dental health data
Variability in standard and quality of dental records
Identification by DNA fingerprinting of dental tissues ........................................... IV-2-5
International co-operation and communication in forensic odontology .................. IV-2-5
Summary .................................................................................................................. IV-2-6
Further reading......................................................................................................... IV-2-6
ICAO Preliminary Unedited Version — October 2008 IV-2-1
INTRODUCTION
Forensic odontology is the area of dental practice encompassing the interaction of the dental team with the
legal system. The major contribution of forensic odontology is assisting the police or other authorities in
charge with identification of unknown human remains. Forensic odontology may include further activities
as determination of age; tooth mark and bite pattern analysis; physical assault (child abuse); and malpractice.
Forensic odontologists synthesize principles, knowledge and competence from many aspects of dentistry
with those of other disciplines, as for example forensic pathology/medicine, genetics, anthropology, and
criminology.
Identification by dermal-ridge fingerprints, dental means and/or DNA profiles is widely acknowledged as
scientific and therefore used as so-called primary evidence, which means that it can stand alone as
identification tools. This chapter is aimed at presenting an overview of forensic odontology with special
emphasis on person identification as it is practiced today in mass disasters. The presentation will focus on
the approach recommended by the International Criminal Investigation Organization - Interpol - and
described in the Interpol Guidelines for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) which are available from the
website (see list of further reading). The guidelines include a form set of which two pages (F1 and F2) are
reserved for recording dental ante mortem (AM) and post mortem (PM) information.
ORGANIZATION AND TASKS OF THE DENTAL TEAMS
Planning is crucial for successful DVI in situations with multiple casualties, such as natural disasters and
aircraft accidents. A forensic odontologist with extensive experience in identification work involving
foreign nationals should be appointed to the identification commission (the aviation pathology team)
responsible for the organization and legal aspects of the identification process. During the investigation, the
appointed forensic odontologist should confer with the chairman of the identification commission or the
investigator-in-charge as appropriate. The forensic odontologist is able to contribute both to the accident
investigation and to the identification of victims. The odontologist will further ensure availability of
instruments and equipment needed and call upon additional staff as required.
Recovery group
Dental knowledge is essential for recovery and preservation of odontological evidence. On the site, the
main task of the forensic odontologist is to give a preliminary description of the face and dentition of
　
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